Hemiargus ceraunus astenidas (Lucas, 1857)
(Ceraunus Blue)

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Synonymy

(From: A Catalogue of the Butterflies of the United States and Canada, Jonathan P. Pelham)

Genus Hemiargus Hübner, 1818

Zutr. Samml. exot. Schmett. 1: 19. Type-species: Hemiargus antibubastus Hübner, 1818, Zutr. Samml. exot. Schmett. 1: pl. [18], figs. 99, 100; 19, no. 50 (= Hesperia ceraunus, Fabricius, 1793, Entomol. Syst. 3(1): 303, no. 149; subspecies), by designation of Hemming (1934), Gen. Names Holarct. Butts. 1: 104.

Hemiargus ceraunus (Fabricius, 1793)

Entomol. Syst. 3(1): 303, no. 149.

Original Combination: H[esperia]. R[urales]. Ceraunus

Type Locality: “America meridionalis Insulis”; defined as “Jamaica and Hispaniola” by W. Comstock and Huntington (1943), Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 45(2): 107; stated to be “probably Jamaica” by Klots (1951), Field Guide Butts. N. Am.: 159; suggested to be “Jamaica or Hispaniola” by F. Brown (1972), in: F. Brown and Heineman, Jamaica Butts.: 252.

Types: Syntypes in ZMUC.

Lamas (2004g), Atl. Neotrop. Lepid. Chcklst. Part 4A: 139, placed ceraunus and all of its subspecies under Hemiargus hanno (Stoll, 1790), Aanhangs. Werk Uitl. Kapellen Pieter Cramer (3): 170, pl. 39, fig. 2 ♂ D, 2B ♂ V; 183 (index). This view was supported by W. Comstock and Huntington (1943), Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 45(2): 106-107, N. Riley (1975), Field Guide Butts. W. Indies: 109, pl. 12, figs. 12a, 12b, F. Brown and Heineman (1972), Jamaica Butts.: 252-253, D. Smith et al. (1989), J. Lepid. Soc. 43(4): 282, and (1994), Butts. W. Indies & S. Florida: 128, but disputed by Wood (1924), Entomol. News 35(10): 359-361, Nabokov (1945), Psyche 52(1/2): 20, Scott (1986), Papilio (n.s.) 3: 7, and K. Johnson and Bálint (1995), Reps. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Wisc. (Stevens Point) (54): 1-15. Schwartz (1989), Butts. Hispaniola: 262-266, reported H. hanno and H. ceraunus as widely sympatric on Hispaniola, but did not indicate how he separated them. Additional research is needed to resolve the issue.

Hemiargus ceraunus astenidas (Lucas, 1857)

In: Sagra, Hist. Cuba: 7(2): 613.

Original Combination: Lycaena Astenidas

Type Locality: “habite l’île de Cuba...Martinique” in error; apparently from Central America or eastern Mexico.

Types: Type(s) probably in MNHP.

                   =    zachaeina (Butler & H. Druce, 1872)

Cist. Entomol. 1(5): 104-105; figured by Butler (1873), Lepid. Exot. (13): 157, pl. 57, fig. 1 ♂ V.

Original Combination: L[ampides]. Zachaeina

Type Locality: “Cartago, Costa Rica” implied from the title and introduction to the paper.

Types: Lectotype (#265760) in BMNH, designated by Bálint (1999), Neue Entomol. Nachr. 46: 7.

Bibliography

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