Papilio g. glaucus Linnaeus, 1758
(Eastern Tiger Swallowtail)

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Synonymy

(From: A Catalogue of the Butterflies of the United States and Canada, Jonathan P. Pelham)

Genus Papilio Linnaeus, 1758

Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 458. Type-species: Papilio machaon Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 462, no. 27, by designation of Latreille (1810), Consid. gén. Anim. Crust. Arach. Ins.: 350, 440. I.C.Z.N. Opinion 278 placed this name on the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology as name no. 703. The generic and subgeneric arrangement follows J. Miller (1987), Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 186(4): 365-512.

Papilio glaucus Linnaeus, 1758

Papilio glaucus glaucus Linnaeus, 1758

Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 460, no. 9; Linnaeus (1764), Mus. Lud. Ulr. [1]: 190, no. 9, cited Clerck [1764], Icon. Ins. 2: pl. 24, fig. 1.

Original Combination: P[apilio]. E[ques Trojanus]. Glaucus

Type Locality: “America”; neotype from “Sandbridge, Virginia Beach, Virginia.” [Southampton County]

Types: Type(s) apparently lost. Neotype in MGCL, designated by Pavulaan and D. Wright (2002), Tax. Rep. Int. Lepid. Surv. 3(7): 6, fig. 19 ♀ D.

This species formed part of the type series of Papilio ajax (see Eurytides marcellus), based on Ray (1710), Hist. Ins.: 111, no. 2.

                   =    antilochus Linnaeus, 1758

Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 463, no. 28; cited Petiver (1699), Mus. Petiver. Cent. Rar. Nat. Cont. (6/7): 50. no. 505, and Catesby (1743), Nat. Hist. Carolina 2: pl. 83.

Original Combination: P[apilio]. E[ques Achivus] Antilochus

Type Locality: “America septentrionali”; neotype from “Corapeake, Gates Co., NC.” [North Carolina]

Types: Location of type(s) not known, probably lost or unrecognizable. Neotype in MGCL, designated by Pavulaan and D. Wright (2002), Tax. Rep. Int. Lepid. Surv. 3(7): 6-7, fig. 17 ♂ D.

                   =    turnus Linnaeus, 1771

Mant. Plant. (2nd ed.): 536.

Original Combination: Papilio E[quites]. A[chivus]. Turnus

Type Locality: “America”

Types: Lectotype in LSUK, designated by Honey and Scoble (2001), Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 132(3): 389.

                   =    alcidamus Cramer, 1775

Uitl. Kapellen 1(4): 62, pl. 38, figs. A ♂ D, B ♂ V; (8): 151 (index).

Original Combination: Pap[ilio]. Eq[ues]. Achivus Alcidamus

Type Locality: “Jamaika...Nieuw-Jork en Carolina” “Jamaïque...Nouvelle York & dans la Caroline”; defined as “New York, Carolina” by Rothschild and Jordan (1906), Novit. Zool. 13(3): 583; supposed neotype from “Sandbridge, Virginia Beach, VA.” [Southampton County]

Types: Probable syntype (#665024) in BMNH; the “neotype” in MGCL, designated by Pavulaan and D. Wright (2002), Tax. Rep. Int. Lepid. Surv. 3(7): 7, fig. 18 ♂ D, is not valid (Code Article 75.3.4).

                         =    ‡lauri Fabricius, 1938

In: Bryk, Syst. Glossat.: 22, no. 13; cited Papilio glaucus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 460, no. 9.

Original Combination: P[apilio]. T[rojanus]. Lauri

Proposed as a replacement name for Papilio glaucus Linnaeus, 1758, based on a foodplant name; a junior objective synonym of Papilio glaucus.

                         =    ‡”delunaris” Schultz, 1908

Entomol. Z. 22(23): 92.

Original Combination: Papilio glaucus ab. (nov.) delunaris

Type Locality: “Seranton, N.-Amerika”; corrected to “Scranton” by Schultz (1908), Entomol. Z. 22(29): 119. [Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania]

Types: Location of “type” not known.

                         =    ‡”perfulva” Schultz, 1908

Entomol. Z. 22(23): 92.

Original Combination: Papilio glaucus ab. (nov.) pervulva; an incorrect original spelling. Corrected to “perfulva” by Schultz (1908), Entomol. Z. 22(29): 119.

Type Locality: Not stated.

Types: Location of “type” not known.

                         =    ‡”imperfecta” Reiff, 1911

Z. wiss InsektBiol. 7(5/6): 157.

Original Combination: [Papilio glaucus turnus] ab. imperfecta

Type Locality: Not stated.

Types: “Holotype” in MCZ.

                         =    ‡”wheeleri” Reiff, 1911

Z. wiss InsektBiol. 7(5/6): 158.

Original Combination: [Papilio glaucus turnus] ab. wheeleri

Type Locality: Not stated.

Types: “Holotype” in MCZ.

                         =    ‡”paupercula” Reiff, 1911

Z. wiss InsektBiol. 7(5/6): 158.

Original Combination: [Papilio glaucus turnus] ab. paupercula

Type Locality: Not stated.

Types: “Holotype” in MCZ.

                         =    ‡”niger” Hering, 1912

Z. wiss InsektBiol. 8(7/8): 234, fig. ♀ D.

Original Combination: [Papilio turnus] ab. niger

Type Locality: Not stated.

Types: Location of “holotype” not known.

                         =    ‡”dietzi” Gunder, 1927

Entomol. News 38(9): 266, pl. 5, fig. A ♀ D (“holotype”).

Original Combination: Papilio glaucus form turnus tr. f. dietzi

Type Locality: “Van Courtland [sic!] Park, New York” [Bronx County]

Types: “Holotype” in AMNH.

                         =    ‡”gerhardi” Gunder, 1927

Entomol. News 38(9): 266-267, pl. 5, fig. B ♂ D (“holotype”).

Original Combination: Papilio glaucus form turnus tr. f. gerhardi

Type Locality: “Evansville, Indiana” [Vanderburgh County]

Types: “Holotype” in FMNH.

‡”ehrmanni” McDunnough, 1938

Mem. South. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1: 5.

Original Combination: [Papilio glaucus] ab. ehrmanni

This name was listed in the synonymy of Papilio glaucus without a description or indication; a nomen nudum.

‡”nigra” Scott, 1981

Papilio (n.s.) 1: 1.

Original Combination: Papilio glaucus form nigra

Proposed as a “form” with no nomenclatural standing; a momen nudum.

Bibliography

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