Vanessa atalanta rubria (Fruhstorfer, 1909)
(Red Admiral)

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Synonymy

(From: A Catalogue of the Butterflies of the United States and Canada, Jonathan P. Pelham)

  Genus Vanessa [Fabricius], 1807

In: Illiger, Mag. f. Insektenk. 6: 281, no. 12. Type-species: Papilio atalanta Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 478, no. 119, by designation of Latreille (1810), Consid. gén Anim. Crust. Arach. Ins.: 440, 354. I.C.Z.N. Opinion 156 placed Vanessa on the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology as name no. 601. This name was spelled “Phanessa” by Sodoffsky (1837), Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou 10(6): 80, no. 4; an unjustified emendation.

      =    ‡Nymphalis Latreille, 1804

Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. 24(tab): 184, no. 468, 199. Type species: Papilio atalanta Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 478, no. 119, by monotypy. Preoccupied by Nymphalis Kluk, 1780, Zwierz. Hist. Nat. Pocz. Gospod. 4: 86. Wagener (1995), in: Hesselbarth et al., Tagf. Türk (2): 1008, claimed that the species Papilio morio Retzius, 1783, Gen. Spec. Ins.: 31, no. 9, the other of the two species included in the genus by Latreille, was indeed validly described. This name is a homonym and need not be considered further.

=    Cynthia [Fabricius], 1807

In: Illiger, Mag. f. Insektenk. 6: 281, no. 11. Type-species: Papilio cardui Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 475, no. 107, by designation of Westwood (1840), Intro. Class. Ins. 2: 87. I.C.Z.N. Direction 4 placed Cynthia on the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology as name no. 805. I.C.Z.N. Opinion 156 gave Vanessa precedence over Cynthia. The validity of this name as a genus-level taxon is questionable, as demonstrated by occasional hybridization between taxa placed by W. D. Field (1971), Smithsonian Contrib. Zool. (84):1-105, in Vanessa and Cynthia (e.g., Dimock (1973), J. Lepid. Soc. 27(4): 278).

      =    ‡Pyrameis Hübner, [1819]

Verz. bekannt. Schmett. (3): 33. Type-species: Papilio atalanta Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 478, no. 119, by designation of Scudder (1875), Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci., Boston 10(2): 260, no. 924. A junior objective synonym of Vanessa.

      =    ‡Ammiralis Rennie, 1832

Conspectus Butts. Moths: 10. Type-species: Papilio atalanta Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 478, no. 119, by monotypy. A junior objective synonym of Vanessa.

      =    ‡Neopyrameis Scudder, 1889

Butts. E. U. S. & Can. 1(3): 434. Type-species: Papilio cardui Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 475, no. 107, by monotypy. A junior objective synonym of Cynthia.

=    Fieldia Niculescu, 1979

Revue vérviét. Hist. Nat. 36(1-3): 3. Type-species: Hamadryas carye Hübner, [1812] (as Vanessa carye), Samml. exot. Schmett. 1: pl. [45], figs. 1, 2, by original designation.

Vanessa atalanta (Linnaeus, 1758)

Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 478, no. 119; cited Linnaeus (1764), Fauna Svecica (ed. 1): 235, no. 777, among others.

Original Combination: P[apilio]. N[ymphalis phaleratus]. Atalanta

Type Locality: not stated “in Urtica”; defined as “Sweden” by W. D. Field (1971), Smithsonian Contrib. Zool. (84): 15, based on Linnaeus’ reference to Fauna Svecica.

Types: Lectotype in LSUK, designated by Honey and Scoble (2001), Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 132(3): 302.

I.C.Z.N. Direction 4 placed this name on the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology as name no. 258.

            =    amiralis Retzius, 1783

Gen. Spec. Ins.: 31, no. 10; cited de Geer (1752), Mém. Hist. Ins.1(1): pl. 22, figs. 1-5, and Papilio atalanta Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 478, no. 119.

Original Combination: P[apilio]. Amiralis

Type Locality: Not stated.

Types: Type(s) probably lost.

Vanessa atalanta rubria (Fruhstorfer, 1909)

Int. Entomol. Z. 3(17): 94.

Original Combination: Pyrameis atalanta rubria

Type Locality: “Mexiko, Nord-Amerika”; defined as “Mexico” by W. D. Field (1971), Smithsonian Contrib. Zool. (84): 16-17.

Types: Lectotype in MNHP, designated by W. D. Field (1971), ibid.

                         =    ‡”edwardsi” F. Grinnell, 1918

Psyche 25(5): 113-114, pl. 4, fig. 3.

Original Combination: Vanessa atalanta var. edwardsi

Type Locality: “Lagunitas, Marin Co....Buchanan and Washington Streets, San Francisco” [California]

Types: Location of “syntypes” not known; “holotype” from “San Francisco” figured by J. A. Comstock (1927), Butts. Calif.: pl. 43, fig. 4 ♂ D, and Gunder (1927), Entomol. News 38(9): pl. 8, lower right, fig. 2 ♂ D&V.

The text clearly indicates that this taxon was described as an individual variant.

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