Vanessa cardui (Linnaeus, 1758)
(Painted Lady)

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Synonymy

(From: A Catalogue of the Butterflies of the United States and Canada, Jonathan P. Pelham)

  Genus Vanessa [Fabricius], 1807

In: Illiger, Mag. f. Insektenk. 6: 281, no. 12. Type-species: Papilio atalanta Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 478, no. 119, by designation of Latreille (1810), Consid. gén Anim. Crust. Arach. Ins.: 440, 354. I.C.Z.N. Opinion 156 placed Vanessa on the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology as name no. 601. This name was spelled “Phanessa” by Sodoffsky (1837), Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou 10(6): 80, no. 4; an unjustified emendation.

      =    ‡Nymphalis Latreille, 1804

Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. 24(tab): 184, no. 468, 199. Type species: Papilio atalanta Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 478, no. 119, by monotypy. Preoccupied by Nymphalis Kluk, 1780, Zwierz. Hist. Nat. Pocz. Gospod. 4: 86. Wagener (1995), in: Hesselbarth et al., Tagf. Türk (2): 1008, claimed that the species Papilio morio Retzius, 1783, Gen. Spec. Ins.: 31, no. 9, the other of the two species included in the genus by Latreille, was indeed validly described. This name is a homonym and need not be considered further.

=    Cynthia [Fabricius], 1807

In: Illiger, Mag. f. Insektenk. 6: 281, no. 11. Type-species: Papilio cardui Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 475, no. 107, by designation of Westwood (1840), Intro. Class. Ins. 2: 87. I.C.Z.N. Direction 4 placed Cynthia on the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology as name no. 805. I.C.Z.N. Opinion 156 gave Vanessa precedence over Cynthia. The validity of this name as a genus-level taxon is questionable, as demonstrated by occasional hybridization between taxa placed by W. D. Field (1971), Smithsonian Contrib. Zool. (84):1-105, in Vanessa and Cynthia (e.g., Dimock (1973), J. Lepid. Soc. 27(4): 278).

      =    ‡Pyrameis Hübner, [1819]

Verz. bekannt. Schmett. (3): 33. Type-species: Papilio atalanta Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 478, no. 119, by designation of Scudder (1875), Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci., Boston 10(2): 260, no. 924. A junior objective synonym of Vanessa.

      =    ‡Ammiralis Rennie, 1832

Conspectus Butts. Moths: 10. Type-species: Papilio atalanta Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 478, no. 119, by monotypy. A junior objective synonym of Vanessa.

      =    ‡Neopyrameis Scudder, 1889

Butts. E. U. S. & Can. 1(3): 434. Type-species: Papilio cardui Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 475, no. 107, by monotypy. A junior objective synonym of Cynthia.

=    Fieldia Niculescu, 1979

Revue vérviét. Hist. Nat. 36(1-3): 3. Type-species: Hamadryas carye Hübner, [1812] (as Vanessa carye), Samml. exot. Schmett. 1: pl. [45], figs. 1, 2, by original designation.

Vanessa cardui (Linnaeus, 1758)

Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 475, no. 107; cited Linnaeus (1764), Fauna Svecica (ed. 1): 235-236, no. 778, among others.

Original Combination: P[apilio]. N[ymphalis gemmatus] Cardui

Type Locality: “Europae, Africae”; defined as “Sweden” by W. D. Field (1971), Smithsonian Contrib. Zool. (84): 43, based on Linnaeus’ reference to Fauna Svecica.

Types: Lectotype in LSUK, designated by Honey and Scoble (2001), Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 132(3): 308.

I C.Z.N Direction 4 placed this name on the Official List of Specific Names in zoology as name no. 259. Palaearctic infrasubspecific names are omitted from this synonymy.

            =    belladonna Godart, [1821]

Hist. Nat. Lépid. Fr. 1: 102-104, pl. 14, fig. 2.

Original Combination: Papilio Bella-Donna

Type Locality: “Environs de Paris” from the title of the volume [France]

Types: Holotype possibly in MNHP.

            =    elymi Rambur, 1829

Annls. Sci. Obser. 2(2): 256-257, pl. 5, figs. 1 ♂ D, 2 ♂ V (holotype).

Original Combination: Vanessa Elymi

Type Locality: “les bords de la Méditerranée, aux environs de Montpellier” [France]

Types: Holotype possibly in MNHP or lost.

                   =    ‡”ate” (Strecker, 1878)

Butts. & Moths N. Am., Comp. Syn. Cat.: 137, no. 272b.

Original Combination: [Pyrameis Cardui] ab. b. Ate

Type Locality: “Summit Co., Ohio”

Types: “Holotype” in FMNH; figured by Gunder (1927), Entomol. News 38(9): pl. 9, upper right, D&V.

                   =    ‡”minor” (Cockerell, 1890)

Can. Entomol. 22(3): 57.

Original Combination: Pyrameis cardui form minor

Type Locality: “Near Micawber Mine” [Custer County, Colorado]

Types: “Holotype” in BMNH.

                   =    ‡”jacksoni” (A. Clark, 1932)

Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. (157): 88-89, pl. 8, figs. 2 ♀ D, 3 ♀ V.

Original Combination: [Pyrameis cardui] form jacksoni

Type Locality: “District of Columbia”; figure is from “Essex, Mass.” [Essex County, Massachusetts]

Types: No types specifically mentioned.

Earlier A. Clark (1927), Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr. 17(3): 127, mentioned this name as “Cynthia cardui jacksoni” with a “type locality” of “New England, California, Mongolia, France, etc.” Although a line of description was given, that name is here considered a nomen nudum.

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