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Vanessa virginiensis (Drury, 1773) |
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Pinned Specimens
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Live Adults
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Live Adults
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Live Adults
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Larval Foodplants and Habitats photo collection:
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Distribution and Larval Foodplants: N Bahamas, Gr. Antilles, Hawaii,
Canary Is.; N. Am. to Colombia |
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(From: A Catalogue of the Butterflies of the United States and Canada, Jonathan P. Pelham) Genus Vanessa [Fabricius], 1807 In: Illiger, Mag. f. Insektenk. 6: 281, no. 12. Type-species: Papilio atalanta Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 478, no. 119, by designation of Latreille (1810), Consid. gén Anim. Crust. Arach. Ins.: 440, 354. I.C.Z.N. Opinion 156 placed Vanessa on the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology as name no. 601. This name was spelled “Phanessa” by Sodoffsky (1837), Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou 10(6): 80, no. 4; an unjustified emendation. = ‡Nymphalis Latreille, 1804 Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. 24(tab): 184, no. 468, 199. Type species: Papilio atalanta Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 478, no. 119, by monotypy. Preoccupied by Nymphalis Kluk, 1780, Zwierz. Hist. Nat. Pocz. Gospod. 4: 86. Wagener (1995), in: Hesselbarth et al., Tagf. Türk (2): 1008, claimed that the species Papilio morio Retzius, 1783, Gen. Spec. Ins.: 31, no. 9, the other of the two species included in the genus by Latreille, was indeed validly described. This name is a homonym and need not be considered further. = Cynthia [Fabricius], 1807 In: Illiger, Mag. f. Insektenk. 6: 281, no. 11. Type-species: Papilio cardui Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 475, no. 107, by designation of Westwood (1840), Intro. Class. Ins. 2: 87. I.C.Z.N. Direction 4 placed Cynthia on the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology as name no. 805. I.C.Z.N. Opinion 156 gave Vanessa precedence over Cynthia. The validity of this name as a genus-level taxon is questionable, as demonstrated by occasional hybridization between taxa placed by W. D. Field (1971), Smithsonian Contrib. Zool. (84):1-105, in Vanessa and Cynthia (e.g., Dimock (1973), J. Lepid. Soc. 27(4): 278). = ‡Pyrameis Hübner, [1819] Verz. bekannt. Schmett. (3): 33. Type-species: Papilio atalanta Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 478, no. 119, by designation of Scudder (1875), Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci., Boston 10(2): 260, no. 924. A junior objective synonym of Vanessa. = ‡Ammiralis Rennie, 1832 Conspectus Butts. Moths: 10. Type-species: Papilio atalanta Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 478, no. 119, by monotypy. A junior objective synonym of Vanessa. = ‡Neopyrameis Scudder, 1889 Butts. E. U. S. & Can. 1(3): 434. Type-species: Papilio cardui Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 475, no. 107, by monotypy. A junior objective synonym of Cynthia. = Fieldia Niculescu, 1979 Revue vérviét. Hist. Nat. 36(1-3): 3. Type-species: Hamadryas carye Hübner, [1812] (as Vanessa carye), Samml. exot. Schmett. 1: pl. [45], figs. 1, 2, by original designation.
Vanessa virginiensis (Drury, 1773) Illustr. Nat. Hist. 1: 10-11, pl. 5, fig. 1 ♂ D, 1a ♂ V (1770); 2: index (1773, name given). Original Combination: Papilio Cardui Virginiensis Type Locality: “New York, Maryland, and Virginia”; defined as “Virginia” on the basis of its name by W. D. Field (1971), Smithsonian Contrib. Zool. (84): 49. Types: Syntypes possibly in MAMU or lost. = huntera (Fabricius, 1775) Syst. Entomol.: 499, no. 240. Original Combination: P[apilio]. N[ymphalis]. G[emmata]. Huntera Type Locality: “Americae balsamita” Types: Type(s) apparently lost. = iole (Cramer, 1775) Uitl. Kapellen 1(1): 17-18, pl. 12, figs. E ♂ D, F ♂ V (as iole); (8): 153 (index, as jole); cited Papilio cardui virginiensis Drury (1773), Illustr. Nat. Hist. 1: pl. 5, fig. 1, 1a. Original Combination: Pap[ilio]. Nymph[alis]. Gemmat[a]. Iole Type Locality: “Noord-America, te nieuw-Jork, Virginiën, Maryland en Jamaica” “l’Amerique septentrionale, à la Nouvelle York, à la Jamaïque” Types: Type(s) probably lost. = fulvia (Dodge, 1900) Can. Entomol. 32(3): 92. Original Combination: Pyrameis huntera var. fulvia Type Locality: Not stated; holotype from “Louisiana, Pike County, Missouri.” Types: Location of holotype not known; figured by J. A. Comstock (1927), Butts. Calif.: pl. 42, fig. 9 ♂ D, from “Louisiana, Mo.” = ‡gnaphalii (Fabricius, 1938) In: Bryk, Syst. Glossat.: 102, no. 63; cited Papilio cardui virginiensis Drury (1773), Illustr. Nat. Hist. 1: pl. 5, fig. 1, 1a, Cramer (1775), Uitl. Kapellen 1(1): pl. 12, figs. E, F, pl. 5, fig. 1, and J. E. Smith (1797), in: Smith & Abbot, Ins. Georgia 1: pl. 9. Original Combination: C[ynthia]. Gnaphalii Proposed as a replacement name for Papilio cardui virginiensis, based on a larval foodplant illustrated by Smith and Abbot; a junior objective synonym of virginiensis. = ‡”ahwashtee” C. Fox, 1921 Psyche 28(2): 45-46, pl. 2, figs. 1 ♂ D, 2 ♂ V (“holotype”). Original Combination: Vanessa virginiensis var. ahwashtee Type Locality: “Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California” [San Francisco County] Types: “Holotype” in CAS; figured by Gunder (1927), Entomol. News 38(9): pl. 8, middle row, fig. 3 ♂ V. The text clearly indicates that this taxon was described as an individual variant. = ‡”massachusettensis” Gunder, 1925 Entomol. News 36(7): 198, no. 10, pl. 5, fig. 10 ♂ D (“holotype”). Original Combination: Vanessa virginiensis ab. ♂ massachusettensis Type Locality: “Southampton, Massachusetts” [Hampshire County] Types: “Holotype” in AMNH; figured in J. A. Comstock (1927), Butts. Calif.: pl. 43, fig. 5 ♂ D. = ‡”simmsi” (Gunder, 1927) Entomol. News 38(5): 133-134, no. 2, pl. 2, fig. 2 ♀ D (“holotype”). Original Combination: Cynthia virginiensis simmsi ♀ nov. tr. form Type Locality: “Montreal, Canada” [Quebec] Types: “Holotype” in BMNH; also figured by Gunder (1927), Entomol. News 38(9): pl. 8, upper half, fig. 4 ♀ V. |
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