Electronic Reference Library
This is a central point for downloadable reference materials. The materials will include papers which are available in PDF format, and links to external web pages which contain more information on the author or specific paper you're interested in. We will be adding materials often as they become available, so please check back often.
When you click on the blue, underlined title of a paper (also called a "hyperlink" or "link") in this reference library, you will automatically download a PDF file of that paper. You may also right-click on the hyperlinked name and choose the "Save Target As..." option (or the equivalent for your browser) which will save a copy of the PDF file to your computer in a location you choose. Adobe Reader is required to view PDF files. It is free and you can download it from Adobe's website. We may also provide a link to an external website which you can visit for more information about the author or specific paper.
Available Downloadable Papers:
Austin, George T. & Warren, Andrew D. 2001. Taxonomic Notes on Some Neotropical Skippers (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae): Pyrgus, Heliopyrgus, and Heliopetes (Pyrginae) Dugesiana 8(1): 1-13, 2001. (594 kilobyte download size)
Austin, George T. and Andrew D. Warren. 2002. Taxonomic notes on some Neotropical skippers (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae): Pyrrhopyginae and Pyrginae. Dugesiana, 9(2): 15-49. (2.02 megabyte download size)
Austin, George T., Andrew D. Warren, Carla M. Penz, Jorge E. Llorente-Bousquets, Armando Luis-Martínez, and Isabel Vargas-Fernández. 2007. A new species of Opsiphanes Doubleday, [1849] from western Mexico (Nymphalidae: Morphinae: Brassolini) Bulletin of the Allyn Museum, Number 150:1-20 [20 November 2007] (3.24 megabyte download size)
Beltrán, M., Jiggins, C. D., Brower, A. V. Z., Bermingham, E. & Mallet, J. 2007 Do pollen feeding, pupal-mating and larval gregariousness have a single origin in Heliconius butterflies? Inferences from multilocus DNA sequence data. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 92, 221-239. (388 kilobyte download size)
Brower, A. V. Z. & Boyce, T. M. 1991 Mitochondrial DNA variation in monarch butterflies. Evolution 45, 1281-1286. (904 kilobyte download size)
Brower, A. V. Z. 1994 Rapid morphological radiation and convergence among races of the butterfly Heliconius erato inferred from patterns of mitochondrial DNA evolution. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 6491-6495. (1.08 megabyte download size)
Brower, A. V. Z. 1996 A new mimetic species of Heliconius (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), from southeastern Colombia, as revealed by cladistic analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 116, 317-332. (2.85 megabyte download size)
Brower, A. V. Z. 1996 Parallel race formation and the evolution of mimicry in Heliconius butterflies: a phylogenetic hypothesis from mitochondrial DNA sequences. Evolution 50, 195-221. (4.48 megabyte download size)
Brower, A. V. Z. & Egan, M. G. 1997 Cladistics of Heliconius butterflies and relatives (Nymphalidae: Heliconiiti): the phylogenetic position of Eueides based on sequences from mtDNA and a nuclear gene. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 264, 969-977. (1.85 megabyte download size)
Brower, A. V. Z. & Sime, K. R. 1998 Mimicry and aposematism in caterpillars of the Papilio machaon group: a reconsideration. J. Lepidopterists' Soc. 52, 206-212. (892 kilobyte download size)
Brower, A. V. Z. 2000 Phylogenetic relationships among the Nymphalidae (Lepidoptera) inferred from partial sequences of the wingless gene. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 267, 1201-1211. (252 kilobyte download size)
Brower, A. V. Z. & Jeansonne, M. M. 2004 Geographical populations and "subspecies" of New World monarch butterflies (Nymphalidae) share a recent origin and are not phylogenetically distinct. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 97, 519-523. (92 kilobyte download size)
Brower, A. V. Z. 2006 Problems with DNA barcodes for species delimitation: “ten species” of Astraptes fulgerator reassessed (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Systematics and Biodiversity 4, 127-132. (92 kilobyte download size)
Brower, A. V. Z., Freitas, A. V. L., Lee, M.-M., Silva-Brandao, K. L., Whinnett, A. & Willmott, K. R. 2006 Phylogenetic relationships among the Ithomiini (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) inferred from one mitchondrial and two nuclear gene regions. Syst. Ent. 31, 288-301. (176 kilobyte download size)
Campbell, D. L., Brower, A. V. Z. & Pierce, N. E. 2000 Molecular evolution of the wingless gene and its implications for the phylogenetic placement of the butterfly family Riodinidae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea). Mol. Biol. Evol. 17, 684-696. (184 kilobyte download size)
Elias, M., Hill, R. I., Willmott, K. R., Dasmahaptra, K. K., Brower, A. V. Z., Mallet, J. & Jiggins, C. D. 2007 Limited performance of DNA barcoding in a diverse community of tropical butterflies. Proc. R. Soc London B 274, 2881-2889. (292 kilobyte download size)
Emmel, T. C. & A. D. Warren. 1993. The butterfly faunas of the Kakamega rain forest and the Masai Mara savanna in Kenya, East Africa. Tropical Lepidoptera 4(2): 67-76. (3.31 Megabyte download size)
Llorente, J. B., A. M. Luis, I. F. Vargas y A. D. Warren. 1995. Lista de las mariposas del Estado de Jalisco, México. Revista de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural, 46: 35-48. (937 kilobyte download size)
Llorente, J. B., A. Luis, I. Vargas y A. D. Warren. 2004. Butterflies of the state of Nayarit, Mexico. Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society, 58 (4): 203-222. (2.26 megabyte download size)
Llorente, J., A.D. Warren, I. Vargas y A. Luis. 1996. Mariposas diurnas de Colima. Dugesiana, 3 (2): 1-18. (637 kilobyte download size)
Luis, A., J. Llorente, I. Vargas y A. D. Warren. 2003. Biodiversity and Biogeography of Mexican butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 105 (1): 209-224. (1.3 megabyte download size)
Luis, A., J. Llorente Bousquets, A.D. Warren e I. Vargas Fernández. 2004. Los lepidópteros: papilionoideos y hesperoideos, pp. 331-356. En: García-Mendoza, A.J., M.J. Ordóñez y M.A. Briones-Salas (Eds.). Biodiversidad de Oaxaca. Instituto de Biología, UNAM-Fondo Oaxaqueño para la Conservación de la Naturaleza-WWF, México. (1.58 megabyte download size)
McAlpine, W. S. 1971. A revision of the butterfly genus Calephelis (Riodinidae). Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 10(1):1-125. (Note: this link will take you to the Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera website.) Visit the Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera website for more papers.
Mielke, Olaf H. H., George T. Austin and Andrew D. Warren. 2008. A New Parelbella from Mexico (Hesperiidae: Pyrginae: Pyrrhopygini) Florida Entomologist 91(1):30-35
Mielke, O. H. H. & A. D. Warren. 2004. The identity of Eudamus valeriana Plötz, 1881 (Lepidoptera,Hesperiidae, Pyrginae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 21(2):307-308 (85 kilobyte download size)
Orellana, A. M., A. D. Warren & O. H. H. Mielke. 2002. Adiciones, rectificaciones y actualizaciones a “Mariposas de Venezuela” por Téophile Raymond. II. Hesperiidae. Entomotropica 17(1):107-109. (27 kilobyte download size)
Silva-Brandao, K. L., Freitas, A. V. L., Brower, A. V. Z. & Solferini, V. N. 2005 Phylogenetic relationships of the New World Troidini swallowtails (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) based on COI, COII and Ef-1a genes. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 36, 468-483. (1.18 megabyte download size)
Simonsen, T. J., Wahlberg, N., Brower, A. V. Z. & de Jong, R. 2006 Morphology, molecules and fritilllaries: approaching a stable phyogeny for Argynnini (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Insect Syst. Evol. 37, 405-418. (224 kilobyte download size)
Steinhauser, Stephen R. and Andrew D. Warren. 2001. A new species of Euphyes Scudder from western Mexico (Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae). Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society, 55(4), 2001, 158-161. (2.0 megabyte download size)
Vargas, I., A. Luis, J. Llorente y A. D. Warren. 1996. Butterflies of the state of Jalisco. Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society, 50(2): 97-138. (2.55 megabyte download size)
Wahlberg, N., M. F. Braby, A. V. Z. Brower, R. de Jong, M. M. Lee, S. Nylin, N. E. Pierce, F. A. H. Sperling, R. Vila, A. D. Warren & E. Zakharov. 2005. Synergistic effects of combining morphological and molecular data in resolving the phylogeny of butterflies and skippers. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 272:1577-1586. (181 kilobyte download size) Download the Appendix.
Wahlberg, N., A. V. Z. Brower & S. Nylin. 2005. Phylogenetic relationships and historical biogeography of tribes and genera in the subfamily Nymphalinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 86:227-251. (293 kilobyte download size) Visit Niklas Wahlberg's Nymphalidae Systematics Group website.
Warren, Andrew D. 1990. Predation of Five Species of Noctuidae at Ultraviolet Light by the Western Yellowjacket (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 44(1), 1990, 32. (69 kilobyte download size)
Warren, Andrew D. 1993. Book Review: Keys to the Japanese Butterflies in Natural Color. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 47(4), 1993, 339-340. (98 kilobyte download size)
Warren, A. D. 1993. Book review. Painted Ladies: Butterflies of North America. Miller, M. & C. Nelson. 1993. News of the Lepidopterists’ Society 35(5-6):126-127. (274 kilobyte download size)
Warren, Andrew D. 1995. A new species of Codatractus from western Mexico (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) Tropical Lepidoptera, 6(1): 21-25. (515 kilobyte download size)
Warren, Andrew D. 1996. Amblyscirtes patriciae: Description of the female and notes on its synonymy, behavior, habitat and distribution in Mexico (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae). Tropical Lepidoptera, 7(2): 127-132. (1.44 megabyte download size)
Warren, Andrew D. 1997. A new species of Dalla from Guatemala (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) Tropical Lepidoptera, 8(1): 35-37. (144 kilobyte download size)
Warren, A. D. 1997. Book review. Suomen Paivaperhoset. Marttila, O., T. Haahtela, H. Aarnio & P. Ojalainen. 1990. News of the Lepidopterists’ Society 39(1):16-17. (748 kilobyte download size)
Warren, Andrew D. 1998. A new species of Amblyscirtes from montane western Mexico (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae) Tropical Lepidoptera, 9(1): 41-44. (475 kilobyte download size)
Warren. A. D. 1999. How high do butterflies fly? Telluride Magazine 17(1):27. {summer} (976 kilobyte download size)
Warren, A. D. 2001. A new genus and species of Cyclopidinae from Zamora, Ecuador (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Boletìn Cientìfico, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad de Caldas. 5:138-153. (2.55 Megabyte download size)
Warren, Andrew D. 2001. A Replacement Name for Freemania A. Warren, with Notes on the Higher Classification of the Genus (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae), Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 103(4), 2001, pp. 1028-1029. (239 kilobyte download size)
Warren, A. D. 2004. Book review. Las Mariposas de Machu Picchu. GuÌa ilustrada de las Mariposas del Santuario HistÛrico Machu Picchu, Cuzco, Peru, by Gerardo Lamas. 2003. Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society 58(3):184-185. (123 kilobyte download size)
Warren, Andrew D. 2005. Obituary: Hugh Avery Freeman (1912-2002): Reflections on his life and contributions to lepidopterology. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 59(1), 45-58. (1.68 megabyte download size)
Warren, Andrew D. and Lamberto González-Cota 1996. Rediscovery of Dalla bubobon in Michoacán, Mexico (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Heteropterinae). Tropical Lepidoptera, 7(1): 68-70. (604 kilobyte download size)
Warren, Andrew D. and Lamberto González-Cota. 1998. Notes on the genus Piruna in Western Mexico, with description of a new species (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) Tropical Lepidoptera, 9 (Suppl. 2): 1-7. (554 kilobyte download size)
Warren, A.D. y J.E. Llorente. 1999. Butterflies of Mismaloya, Jalisco and adjacent parts of Banderas Bay and Southern Nayarit, México. Dugesiana, 6 (1): 17-32. (672 kilobyte download size)
Warren, A. D. & O. H. H. Mielke. 2004. Mysoria affinis (Herrich-Schäffer): morphological variation and synonymy (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Pyrrhopyginae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 21(2):309-314. (257 kilobyte download size)
Warren, A. D. & O. H. H. Mielke. 2005. Synonymic notes on North and Central American Lerodea Scudder, 1872 and Corticea Evans, 1955 (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 22(1):285-291. (393 kilobyte download size)
Warren, Andrew D. and Paul A. Opler. 1999. An unusual new Napaea metalmark from Sonora, Mexico (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) Holarctic Lepidoptera, 6(1): 25-29. (307 kilobyte download size)
Warren, A. D. & R. K. Robbins. 1993. A natural hybrid between Callophrys (Callophrys) sheridanii and C. (Incisalia) augustinus (Lycaenidae). Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 47(3): 236-240. (543 kilobyte download size)
Warren, A. D. & R. E. Stanford. 1996. Colorado hairstreak, Hypaurotis crysalus (Lycaenidae), declared official state insect of Colorado. News of the Lepidopterists’ Society 38(4):112. (436 kilobyte download size)
Warren, A. D., R. E. Stanford, & P. A. Opler. 1993. Butterfly and moth collecting guide for the Fort Collins, CO. region. Published by the authors for the 44th Annual Meeting of the Lepidopterists' Society, Fort Collins, Colorado, July, 1993. 10pp. (1.25 Megabyte download size)
Warren, A.D., I. Vargas, A. Luis y J. Llorente. 1998. Butterflies of the state of Colima, México. Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society, 52(1): 40-72. (2.02 megabyte download size)
ICZN (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature). 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, Fourth Edition. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London. xxix + 306pp. (302 kilobyte download size) Visit the ICZN website
Electronic Biologica Centrali-Americana is a large project involving several contributors in which rare and widely scattered resources are being digitized and made available in a central place for use by the taxonomic research community. These resources include text and plates of rare books, specimens, card indices and databases. According to the EBCA website the ultimate goal is to make the data in these texts searchable, and to add more modern treatments and descriptions to the original information. Read more about the project here. We have provided links to the Lepidoptera volumes (the links below will take you to the EBCA website, where you may view or download the pages in JPG or PDF format):
Interactive Listing of Butterflies of America (this list includes all families):
11-VII-08 edition in Excel format
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