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FINDING A TAXON BY NAME: Hold down the CONTROL KEY (on PC) or the COMMAND KEY (on Mac), press "F", then type the taxon name in the search box that appears. Use the arrows next to the search box to scroll through found choices. VIEWING THE THUMBNAIL PAGES: Once you've found a taxon, and its name appears in blue letters, click on it to display thumbnails. For the taxa in black letters we do not have images yet. Thumbnail pages exist for Families, Subfamilies, Tribes, Genera, Species and Subspecies. Caution: with slower internet connection, download of family thumbnails could take a very long time to complete, thus it is best to view species thumbnails. |
SEARCH ENGINE: Google SEARCH BOX at the top of a webpage allows you to search the entire website, not only this webpage. Use it when unsure about the family the taxon is from, or name spelling. VIEWING THE SPECIES PAGES: Click on one of the blue letters to the right of the taxon name and distribution: M - Main Species Page, T - Types, S - Specimens, Ab - Aberrations, Hy - hybrids, HS - historic specimens, L - Live Adults, I - Immatures, H - Habitats and Foodplants, G - genitalia. Extensive image collections are split into several pages as denoted by numbers after letters, e.g. S1 or S2. |
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Family PAPILIONIDAE Latreille, [1802] – SWALLOWTAILS Subfamily Baroniinae Baronia Salvin, 1893 Baronia brevicornis Salvin, 1893 Baronia TL: Mexico (Gue) Baronia brevicornis brevicornis Salvin, 1893 SW Mexico M T1 T2 S1 S2 S3 L1 L2 I H Baronia brevicornis rufodiscalis J. Maza & J. White, 1987 Chiapas M T S L Subfamily Parnassiinae Tribe Parnassiini Parnassius Latreille, 1804 Parnassius eversmanni Ménétriés, [1850] Eversmann's Parnassian TL: not specified Parnassius eversmanni thor H. Edwards, 1881 Alaska, YK, W NT, N BC M S L I Parnassius clodius Ménétriés, 1855 Clodius Parnassian TL: USA (Ca) Parnassius clodius strohbeeni Sternitzky, 1945 Santa Cruz Mtns, CA; apparently extinct M T S1 S2 S3 Parnassius clodius clodius Ménétriés, 1855 N CA; Marin to Trinity cos. M S I Parnassius clodius claudianus Stichel, 1907 far N CA (Siskiyous) to SW BC; Cascades westward M S1 S2 Ab L1 L2 Ha Parnassius clodius pseudogallatinus Bryk, 1913 Cascades of N WA & S BC M S Parnassius clodius incredibilis Bryk, 1935 Mt. St. Elias, Alaska; types possibly mislabeled M T Parnassius clodius sol Bryk & Eisner, 1932 CA; Tulare to Modoc & S Siskiyou Cos.; Warners?; usually < 7000' M S L I H Parnassius clodius baldur W. H. Edwards, 1877 CA; S Sierra Nevada, usually above 7000' M S L1 L2 L3 Parnassius clodius S Sierra Nevada segregate , Southern Sierra Nevada (Kern-Tulare Cos.), CA M S Parnassius clodius altaurus Dyar, 1903 [= shepardi]; SE BC, E WA, ID, W MT, NW WY, E OR M S L Parnassius clodius menetriesii H. Edwards, 1877 N UT M S1 S2 L Parnassius phoebus (Fabricius, 1793) Phoebus Parnassian TL: not specified Parnassius phoebus apricatus Stichel, 1906 S Alaska to NW BC M T S L Parnassius phoebus golovinus W. Holland, 1930 Seward Peninsula, Alaska M T S Parnassius behrii W. H. Edwards, 1870 Sierra Nevada Parnassian CA Sierra Nevada M T S1 S2 L Ha Parnassius smintheus E. Doubleday, 1847 Rocky Mountain Parnassian TL: Canada (Ab) Parnassius smintheus sternitzkyi McDunnough, 1937 Siskiyou/ S Cascade Mts, NW CA-SW OR M T S1 S2 L I Ha Parnassius smintheus olympianna Burdick, 1941 Olympic Mts, NW WA; Vancouver I., SW BC M T S L Parnassius smintheus yukonensis Eisner, 1969 SW YK, NW BC M S Parnassius smintheus smintheus E. Doubleday, 1847 Rocky Mtns., E BC-W ALTA to N MT M T S L Parnassius smintheus magnus W. G. Wright, 1905 S BC, E WA, E OR, ID, W MT, NW WY M T S L1 L2 L3 H Parnassius smintheus maximus Bryk & Eisner, 1937 C & E MT M S Parnassius smintheus sayii W. H. Edwards, 1863 [= hermodur]; NE NV, UT, S & E WY, W SD, W NB, CO, N NM M T S1 S2 L1 L2 L3 I1 I2 H Parnassius smintheus pseudorotgeri Eisner, 1966 SW CO; San Juan Mtns. M T S L Subfamily Papilioninae Tribe Leptocircini Eurytides Hübner, [1821] Eurytides iphitas Hübner, [1821] TL: [Brazil] M T Eurytides dolicaon (Cramer, 1775) TL: "East Indies" Eurytides dolicaon septentrionalis K. Brown, 1994 central Panama M T S Eurytides dolicaon hebreus K. Brown & Lamas, 1994 TL: Colombia M T Eurytides dolicaon tromes (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) TL: Venezuela M T Eurytides dolicaon cauraensis Möhn, 2002 TL: Venezuela Eurytides dolicaon dolicaon (Cramer, 1775) TL: "East Indies" M T Eurytides dolicaon deileon (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865) TL: Colombia M T Eurytides dolicaon deicoon (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1864) TL: Brazil M T Eurytides callias (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) TL: [Brazil (Pa)] M T Eurytides columbus (Kollar, 1850) TL: [Colombia] M T Eurytides serville (Godart, [1824]) TL: "South America" Eurytides serville acritus (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) TL: Venezuela M T Eurytides serville serville (Godart, [1824]) TL: "South America" M T Eurytides orabilis (A. Butler, 1872) Thick-edged Kite-Swallowtail TL: Costa Rica Eurytides orabilis orabilis (A. Butler, 1872) Costa Rica & Panama M T S Eurytides orabilis isocharis (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) TL: Colombia M T Eurytides salvini (H. Bates, 1864) Salvin’s Kite-Swallowtail SE Mexico to Honduras M T S L Eurytides bellerophon (Dalman, 1823) TL: Brazil? M T Protesilaus Swainson, [1832] Protesilaus telesilaus (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1864) TL: Colombia; Brazil (Am) Protesilaus telesilaus dolius (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) C Panama to Trinidad and NW Ecuador M T S L Protesilaus telesilaus telesilaus (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1864) TL: Colombia; Brazil (Am) M T Protesilaus telesilaus salobrensis (R.F. d'Almeida, 1941) TL: Brazil (MT) M T Protesilaus telesilaus vitellus (Fruhstorfer, 1907) TL: Brazil (Pr) M T Protesilaus stenodesmus (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) TL: Paraguay M T Protesilaus earis (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) TL: Ecuador M T Protesilaus orthosilaus (Weymer, 1899) TL: Paraguay M T Protesilaus helios (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) TL: Brazil (Pr) M T Protesilaus protesilaus (Linnaeus, 1758) TL: "North America" Protesilaus protesilaus dariensis (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) Costa Rica & Panama to N Venezuela M T S L I Protesilaus protesilaus archesilaus (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865) TL: Colombia M T Protesilaus protesilaus protesilaus (Linnaeus, 1758) TL: "North America" M T HS Protesilaus protesilaus nigricornis (Staudinger, 1884) TL: Brazil (SP) M T Protesilaus macrosilaus (G. Gray, [1853]) Five-striped Kite-Swallowtail TL: Honduras Protesilaus macrosilaus penthesilaus (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865) SE Mexico to Guatemala and El Salvador M T S Protesilaus macrosilaus macrosilaus (G. Gray, [1853]) Honduras to Costa Rica M T S L Protesilaus macrosilaus leucones (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) TL: Colombia M T Protesilaus molops (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) TL: Ecuador Protesilaus molops molops (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) TL: Ecuador M T Protesilaus molops hetaerius (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) TL: Colombia; Guyana; Peru; Surinam; Ecuador; Bolivia M T Protesilaus molops megalurus (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) TL: Brazil (MG) M T Protesilaus glaucolaus (H. Bates, 1864) Glaucolaus Swallowtail TL: Panama Protesilaus glaucolaus glaucolaus (H. Bates, 1864) Panama to C Colombia M T S Protesilaus glaucolaus melaenus (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) TL: Colombia M T Protesilaus glaucolaus leucas (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) TL: Peru M T Protesilaus leucosilaus (J. Zikán, 1937) TL: Brazil (Am) M T Protesilaus aguiari (R.F. d'Almeida, 1937) TL: Brazil (Pa) M T Neographium Möhn, 2002 Neographium epidaus (E. Doubleday, 1846) Mexican Kite-Swallowtail TL: Mexico (Yuc); Honduras Neographium epidaus tepicus (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) NW Mexico M T S L Neographium epidaus fenochionis (Salvin & Godman, 1868) SW Mexico M T S L I H Neographium epidaus epidaus (E. Doubleday, 1846) E Mexico to NW Costa Rica M T S1 S2 L I1 I2 Neographium agesilaus (Guérin-Méneville & Percheron, 1835) TL: Colombia Neographium agesilaus fortis (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) W Mexico M T S Hy L Neographium agesilaus neosilaus (Hopffer, 1865) E Mexico to Costa Rica M T S L Neographium agesilaus eimeri (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) Panama & W Colombia M T S L Neographium agesilaus agesilaus (Guérin-Méneville & Percheron, 1835) TL: Colombia M T Neographium agesilaus autosilaus (H. Bates, 1861) TL: Brazil (Am) M T Neographium agesilaus montanum (Küppers, 1974) TL: Peru M T Neographium agesilaus viridis (Röber, 1926) TL: Colombia? Neographium marcellus (Cramer, 1777) Zebra Swallowtail E USA & Canada M T S1 S2 HS L1 L2 L3 L4 I1 I2 I3 I4 H Neographium zonaria (A. Butler, 1869) Hispaniolan Kite-Swallowtail Hispaniola M T S Neographium philolaus (Boisduval, 1836) Dark Kite-Swallowtail TL: Mexico Neographium philolaus philolaus (Boisduval, 1836) Texas and Sinaloa S to Costa Rica M T S1 S2 Hy L1 L2 I Neographium philolaus xanticles (H. Bates, 1863) Panama, N Colombia, N Venezuela M T S L Neographium anaxilaus (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865) Small Kite-Swallowtail Panama, N Colombia, N Venezuela M T S Neographium celadon (Lucas, 1852) Cuban Kite-Swallowtail Cuba & Isla de Juventud M T S Neographium marcellinus (E. Doubleday, [1845]) Jamaican Kite-Swallowtail Jamaica M T S Neographium thyastes (Drury, 1782) TL: Brazil (RJ) Neographium thyastes occidentalis (R. F. Maza, 1982) SW Mexico M T Neographium thyastes marchandii (Boisduval, 1836) E Mexico to Honduras M S Neographium thyastes panamensis (Oberthür, 1879) Nicaragua and Costa Rica to NW Ecuador M T S L I Neographium thyastes thyastinus (Oberthür, 1879) TL: Ecuador M T Neographium thyastes thyastes (Drury, 1782) TL: Brazil (RJ) M T Neographium calliste (H. Bates, 1864) Yellow Kite-Swallowtail TL: Guatemala Neographium calliste calliste (H. Bates, 1864) SE Mexico to El Salvador and Hondruas M T S Neographium calliste olbius (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) Costa Rica to W Panama M T S L Neographium dioxippus (Hewitson, [1856]) Thick-bordered Kite-Swallowtail TL: Colombia Neographium dioxippus lacandones (H. Bates, 1864) SE Mexico to W Panama M T S L Neographium dioxippus dioxippus (Hewitson, [1856]) C Panama to Colombia M T S L Neographium dioxippus marae (T. Racheli, Bollino & Sala, 1990) TL: Venezuela M T Neographium dioxippus diores (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) TL: Peru M T Neographium leucaspis (Godart, 1819) TL: "Peru?" Neographium leucaspis lamidis (K. Brown & Lamas, 1994) TL: Colombia M T Neographium leucaspis leucaspis (Godart, 1819) TL: "Peru?" M T Neographium asius (Fabricius, 1781) TL: "South America" M T Mimoides K. Brown, 1991 Mimoides lysithous (Hübner, [1821]) TL: ? Mimoides lysithous sebastianus (Oberthür, 1879) TL: Brazil M T Mimoides lysithous harrisianus (Swainson, 1822) TL: ? M T Mimoides lysithous rurik (Eschscholtz, 1821) TL: Brazil (SC) M T Mimoides lysithous lysithous (Hübner, [1821]) TL: ? M T Mimoides lysithous eupatorion (Lucas, [1859]) TL: Brazil M T Mimoides thymbraeus (Boisduval, 1836) White-crescent Swallowtail TL: Mexico Mimoides thymbraeus thymbraeus (Boisduval, 1836) SE Mexico to Honduras M T S L Mimoides thymbraeus aconophos (G. Gray, [1853]) W Mexico M S L I H Mimoides pausanias (Hewitson, 1852) TL: Surinam; Brazil (Am) Mimoides pausanias prasinus (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) Costa Rica & W Panama M T S L Mimoides pausanias cleombrotus (Strecker, 1885) E Panama to N Ecuador M L Mimoides pausanias hermolaus (Guenée, 1872) TL: Venezuela M T Mimoides pausanias tabaquita (Kaye, 1925) TL: Trinidad M T Mimoides pausanias pausanias (Hewitson, 1852) TL: Surinam; Brazil (Am) M T Mimoides protodamas (Godart, 1819) TL: Brazil M T Mimoides phaon (Boisduval, 1836) Variable Swallowtail TL: Mexico; "Peru" Mimoides phaon phaon (Boisduval, 1836) NE Mexico to Panama M T S1 S2 L1 L2 I Mimoides phaon therodamas (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865) TL: Colombia M T Mimoides euryleon (Hewitson, [1856]) TL: Colombia Mimoides euryleon clusoculis (A. Butler, 1872) Costa Rica & Panama M T S1 S2 I1 I2 Mimoides euryleon euryleon (Hewitson, [1856]) TL: Colombia M T Mimoides euryleon pithonius (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) TL: Colombia M T Mimoides euryleon rodriquezi Le Crom, Constantino & Salazar, 2002 TL: Colombia Mimoides euryleon haenschi (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) TL: Ecuador M T Mimoides euryleon anatmus (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) TL: Ecuador M T Mimoides ilus (Fabricius, 1793) Ilus Swallowtail TL: "America" Mimoides ilus occiduus (Vázquez, 1957) W Mexico M T S Ha Mimoides ilus branchus (E. Doubleday, 1846) E Mexico to N Costa Rica M T S1 S2 L I Mimoides ilus ilus (Fabricius, 1793) Panama to N Colombia & C Venezuela M T S L Mimoides ariarathes (Esper, 1788) TL: "South America" Mimoides ariarathes evagorides K. Brown & Lamas, 1994 TL: Venezuela M T Mimoides ariarathes demerara K. Brown & Lamas, 1994 TL: Guyana M T Mimoides ariarathes ariarathes (Esper, 1788) TL: "South America" M T OI Mimoides ariarathes gayi (Lucas, 1852) TL: Peru M T Mimoides ariarathes illuminatus (Niepelt, 1928) TL: Colombia M T Mimoides ariarathes arianus (Staudinger, 1884) TL: Brazil (Am); Peru M T Mimoides ariarathes metagenes (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) TL: Brazil (Pa) M T Mimoides ariarathes leuctra (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) TL: Brazil (Go) M T Mimoides xeniades (Hewitson, 1867) TL: Ecuador Mimoides xeniades isus (Oberthür, 1879) TL: Colombia M T Mimoides xeniades halex (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) TL: Colombia M T Mimoides xeniades xeniades (Hewitson, 1867) TL: Ecuador M T Mimoides xeniades tabaconas (Joicey & Talbot, 1918) TL: Peru M T Mimoides xeniades imaus (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) TL: Peru M T Mimoides xeniades signatus Tyler, K. Brown & Wilson, 1994 TL: [Peru] M T Mimoides xynias (Hewitson, 1875) TL: Bolivia Mimoides xynias trapeza (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) TL: Ecuador M T Mimoides xynias xynias (Hewitson, 1875) TL: Bolivia M T Mimoides microdamas (Burmeister, 1878) TL: Argentina M T Tribe Troidini Battus Scopoli, 1777 Battus philenor (Linnaeus, 1771) Pipevine Swallowtail TL: "America" Battus philenor philenor (Linnaeus, 1771) Mexico, S & E USA & Canada M T S L1 L2 L3 I1 I2 H1 H2 Battus philenor hirsuta (Skinner, 1908) central and northern California M T S L I H Battus philenor insularis Vázquez, 1957 Islas Revillagigedo, Colima M T S Battus philenor orsua (Godman & Salvin, 1889) Islas Tres Marias, Nayarit M T S Battus philenor acauda (Oberthür, 1879) Yucatan Peninsula and surrounding areas M T S L I Battus devilliersii (Godart, 1823) De Villiers' Swallowtail Cuba, N & S Andros M S Battus zetides (Munroe, 1971) Zetides Swallowtail Hispaniola M S Battus polydamas (Linnaeus, 1758) Polydamas Swallowtail TL: "America" Battus polydamas polydamas (Linnaeus, 1758) continental M T S1 S2 HS L1 L2 I1 I2 I3 H Battus polydamas lucayus (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) SE USA & Bahamas M T S L I Battus polydamas cubensis (Dufrane, 1946) Cuba & Isla de Juventud M T S Battus polydamas jamaicensis (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) Jamaica M T S Battus polydamas polycrates (Hopffer, 1865) Hispaniola M T S L Battus polydamas thyamus (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, Culebra M T S L I Battus polydamas antiquus (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) Antigua; extinct M S Battus polydamas christopheranus (A. Hall, 1936) St. Kitts, St. Christopher, Montserrat, Nevis M T Battus polydamas neodamas (Lucas, 1852) Guadeloupe & Marie-Galante M T S Battus polydamas dominicus (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) Dominica M T S Battus polydamas cebriones (Dalman, 1823) [= xenodamus]; Martinique M T S Battus polydamas lucianus (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) St. Lucia M T S Battus polydamas vincentius (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) St. Vincent (possibly northern Grenadines) M T S Battus polydamas grenadensis (A. Hall, 1930) Grenada, southern Grenadines M T L Battus polydamas streckerianus (Honrath, 1884) TL: Peru M T Battus polydamas peruanus (Fuchs, 1954) TL: Peru Battus polydamas atahualpa T. Racheli & Pischedda, 1987 TL: Peru Battus polydamas weyrauchi Lamas, 1998 TL: Peru M T Battus polydamas renani Lamas, 1998 TL: Peru M T Battus polydamas psittacus (J. Molina, 1782) TL: Chile M T Battus madyes (E. Doubleday, 1846) TL: Bolivia Battus madyes adloni (Ehrmann, 1926) TL: Ecuador M T Battus madyes philetas (Hewitson, 1869) TL: Ecuador M T Battus madyes lojaensis Möhn, 1999 TL: Ecuador Battus madyes magnimacula (Joicey & Talbot, 1925) TL: Peru M T Battus madyes plinius (Weymer, 1890) TL: Peru M T Battus madyes buechei Lamas, 1998 TL: Peru M T Battus madyes callangaensis Möhn, 2001 TL: Peru Battus madyes chlorodamas (Guenée, 1872) TL: Peru M T Battus madyes montebanus (Dyar, 1913) TL: Peru M T Battus madyes crispatus Lamas, 2001 TL: Peru M T Battus madyes madyes (E. Doubleday, 1846) TL: Bolivia M T Battus madyes tucumanus (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) TL: Argentina M T Battus eracon (Godman & Salvin, 1897) West-Mexican Swallowtail W Mexico M T S Battus polystictus (A. Butler, 1874) TL: Brazil (RS) Battus polystictus galenus (Fruhstorfer, 1907) TL: "Surinam" M T Battus polystictus polystictus (A. Butler, 1874) TL: Brazil (RS) M T Battus laodamas (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1859) TL: Colombia Battus laodamas iopas (Godman & Salvin, 1897) W Mexico M T S L Battus laodamas copanae (Reakirt, 1863) E Mexico to N Costa Rica M T S L Battus laodamas rhipidius (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) Costa Rica to Panama M T S Battus laodamas laodamas (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1859) TL: Colombia M T Battus ingenuus (Dyar, 1907) Dyar's Swallowtail SE Mexico to E Venezuela, Trinidad, and Ecuador M T S1 S2 L I1 I2 Battus lycidas (Cramer, 1777) Cramer's Swallowtail SE Mexico to N Bolivia and S Pará, Brazil M T S L Battus belus (Cramer, 1777) TL: Surinam Battus belus varus (Kollar, 1850) TL: Colombia M T Battus belus belus (Cramer, 1777) TL: Surinam M T Battus belus aureochloris K. Brown, 1994 TL: Brazil (Pa) Battus belus belemus (H. Bates, 1864) TL: Brazil (Pa) M T Battus belus cochabamba (Weeks, 1901) TL: Bolivia M T Battus crassus (Cramer, 1777) TL: Surinam Battus crassus lepidus (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861) Costa Rica to E Venezuela and W Ecuador M T S L Battus crassus crassus (Cramer, 1777) TL: Surinam M T Battus crassus hirundo (Röber, 1925) TL: Bolivia M T Battus crassus paraensis K. Brown, 1994 TL: Brazil (Pa) M T Euryades C. Felder & R. Felder, 1864 Euryades corethrus (Boisduval, 1836) TL: ? M T Euryades duponchelii (Lucas, 1839) TL: Argentina M T Parides Hübner, [1819] Parides gundlachianus (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1864) Cuban Cattleheart TL: Cuba Parides gundlachianus alayoi L. Hernández, Alayón & D. Smith, 1995 Pinar del Río, W Cuba M T S Parides gundlachianus gundlachianus (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1864) E Cuba M T S Parides ascanius (Cramer, 1775) TL: Brazil (RJ) M T Parides agavus (Drury, 1782) TL: Brazil (RJ) M T Parides proneus (Hübner, [1831]) TL: Brazil M T Parides phalaecus (Hewitson, 1869) TL: Ecuador Parides phalaecus phalaecus (Hewitson, 1869) TL: Ecuador M T Parides phalaecus nieva Möhn, 1999 TL: Peru Parides bunichus (Hübner, [1821]) TL: ? Parides bunichus diodorus (Hopffer, 1865) TL: Brazil M T Parides bunichus bunichus (Hübner, [1821]) TL: ? Parides bunichus chamissonia (Eschscholtz, 1821) TL: Brazil M T Parides bunichus perrhebus (Boisduval, 1836) TL: Paraguay; Brazil (RS) M T Parides bunichus damocrates (Guenée, 1872) TL: Argentina Parides montezuma (Westwood, 1842) Montezuma’s Cattleheart NE & NW Mexico to Costa Rica M S L1 L2 H Parides alopius (Godman & Salvin, 1890) White-dotted Cattleheart S Arizona (stray), W Mexico M T S L I Parides photinus (E. Doubleday, 1844) Pink-spotted Cattleheart NE & NW Mexico to Costa Rica M T S L I H Parides klagesi (Ehrmann, 1904) TL: Venezuela M T S Parides vercingetorix (Oberthür, 1888) TL: French Guiana M T Parides quadratus (Staudinger, 1890) TL: Brazil (Am) Parides quadratus spoliatus (Staudinger, 1898) TL: Brazil (Am); Peru M T Parides quadratus quadratus (Staudinger, 1890) TL: Brazil (Am) Parides pizarro (Staudinger, 1884) TL: Brazil (Am); Peru Parides pizarro pizarro (Staudinger, 1884) TL: Brazil (Am); Peru M T Parides pizarro kuhlmanni (E. May, 1925) TL: Brazil (Ac) M T S Parides pizarro steinbachi (Rothschild, 1905) TL: Bolivia M T S Parides hahneli (Staudinger, 1882) TL: Brazil (Am) M T Parides mithras (Grose-Smith, 1902) TL: Guyana Parides mithras mithras (Grose-Smith, 1902) TL: Guyana M T Parides mithras marajoara K. Brown, 1994 TL: Brazil (Pa) Parides chabrias (Hewitson, 1852) TL: Brazil (Am) Parides chabrias chabrias (Hewitson, 1852) TL: Brazil (Am) M T Parides chabrias ygdrasilla Hemming, 1935 TL: ? M T Parides aeneas (Linnaeus, 1758) TL: "Asia" Parides aeneas bolivar (Hewitson, 1850) TL: Brazil (Am) M T Parides aeneas huallaga T. Racheli, 1988 TL: Peru M T Parides aeneas damis (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) TL: Peru M T Parides aeneas tucha T. Racheli, 1988 TL: Peru M T Parides aeneas lamasi T. Racheli, 1988 TL: Peru M S Parides aeneas locris (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) TL: Bolivia M T Parides aeneas opalinus (A. Butler, 1877) TL: Brazil (Am) M T Parides aeneas gabrielensis (Bryk, 1953) TL: Brazil (Am) Parides aeneas aeneas (Linnaeus, 1758) TL: "Asia" M T HS Parides aeneas didas K. Brown & Lamas, 1994 TL: Surinam M T Parides aeneas lucasi K. Brown & Lamas, 1994 TL: French Guiana M T Parides aeneas marcius (Hübner, [1816]) TL: ? M S Parides aeneas linoides K. Brown & Lamas, 1994 TL: Brazil (Pa) M T Parides tros (Fabricius, 1793) TL: Brazil Parides tros tros (Fabricius, 1793) TL: Brazil Parides tros danunciae O. Mielke, Casagrande & C. Mielke, 2000 TL: Brazil (Pr) M T Parides orellana (Hewitson, 1852) TL: Brazil (Am) M T Parides burchellanus (Westwood, 1872) TL: Brazil (MG) Parides burchellanus burchellanus (Westwood, 1872) TL: Brazil (MG) M T Parides burchellanus jaguarae (Foetterle, 1902) TL: Brazil (MG; SP) M T Parides panthonus (Cramer, 1780) TL: Surinam Parides panthonus panthonus (Cramer, 1780) TL: Surinam M T Parides panthonus phylarchus (Hopffer, 1865) TL: French Guiana M T Parides aglaope (G. Gray, [1853]) TL: Brazil (Pa) Parides aglaope aglaope (G. Gray, [1853]) TL: Brazil (Pa) M T Parides aglaope lysimachus (Honrath, 1888) TL: "Peru" Parides aglaope ecaudatus (Joicey & Talbot, 1924) TL: Brazil (MT) M T Parides aglaope callicles (H. Bates, 1861) TL: Bolivia M T Parides aglaope castilhoi R.F. d'Almeida, 1967 TL: Brazil (SP) M T Parides lysander Cramer, 1775 TL: Surinam Parides lysander orinocoensis Constantino, Le Crom & Salazar, [2002] TL: Colombia Parides lysander brissonius (Hübner, [1819]) TL: ? M T Parides lysander lysander (Cramer, 1775) TL: Surinam M T IL L Parides lysander parsodes (G. Gray, [1853]) TL: Brazil (Pa) M T Parides lysander antalcidas Tyler, K. Brown & Wilson, 1994 TL: Brazil (Pa) M T Parides lysander mattogrossensis (Talbot, 1928) TL: Brazil (MT) M T Parides echemon (Hübner, [1813]) TL: ? Parides echemon empistocles Küppers, 1975 TL: Peru Parides echemon pisander (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865) TL: ? M T Parides echemon ergeteles (G. Gray, [1853]) TL: Brazil (Pa) M T Parides echemon echemon (Hübner, [1813]) TL: ? M T Parides eurimedes (Stoll, 1782) TL: "Berbices" Parides eurimedes mylotes (H. Bates, 1861) S Mexico to Costa Rica M T S1 S2 L I Parides eurimedes mycale (Godman & Salvin, 1890) Panama and far N Colombia M T S L Parides eurimedes arriphus (Boisduval, 1836) TL: Colombia M T Parides eurimedes emilius Constantino, 1999 TL: Colombia M T Parides eurimedes antheas (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) TL: Colombia M T Parides eurimedes eurimedes (Stoll, 1782) TL: "Berbices" M T Parides eurimedes agathokles (Kollar, 1850) TL: [Colombia] M T Parides eurimedes timias (G. Gray, [1853]) TL: Ecuador M T Parides neophilus (Geyer, 1837) TL: Surinam Parides neophilus parianus (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) TL: Trinidad; Venezuela M T Parides neophilus neophilus (Geyer, 1837) TL: Surinam Parides neophilus olivencius (H. Bates, 1861) TL: Brazil (Am) M T Parides neophilus anaximenes (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1862) TL: "Brazil (Am)" M T L Parides neophilus consus (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) TL: Bolivia M T Parides neophilus ecbolius (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) TL: Brazil (Pa) M T Parides neophilus eurybates (G. Gray, [1853]) TL: [Brazil] M T Parides zacynthus (Fabricius, 1793) TL: Brazil Parides zacynthus polymetus (Godart, 1819) TL: Brazil; "Peru" M T Parides zacynthus zacynthus (Fabricius, 1793) TL: Brazil M HS Parides childrenae (G. Gray, 1832) Green-celled Cattleheart TL: "Brazil" Parides childrenae childrenae (G. Gray, 1832) SE Mexico to Panama M T S1 S2 L I Parides childrenae latifasciata (E. Krüger, 1925) TL: Colombia M T Parides childrenae unimacula (Joicey & Talbot, 1922) TL: Ecuador M T L Parides sesostris (Cramer, 1779) TL: Surinam Parides sesostris zestos (G. Gray, [1853]) SE Mexico to Costa Rica M T S1 S2 L I1 I2 Parides sesostris tarquinius (Boisduval, 1836) Panama, transandean Colombia, N Venezuela M T S L Parides sesostris sesostris (Cramer, 1779) TL: Surinam M T Parides sesostris trinitensis K. Brown, 1994 TL: Trinidad M T Parides sesostris zischkai (Forster, 1955) TL: Bolivia M T Parides panares (G. Gray, [1853]) Wedge-spotted Cattleheart TL: Mexico ([Oax]) Parides panares panares (G. Gray, [1853]) Oaxaca M T1 T2 S L Parides panares lycimenes (Boisduval, 1870) Chiapas to Panama M T S L I1 I2 Parides panares erythrus (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) TL: Colombia M T Parides panares paralius (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) TL: Ecuador M T Parides panares rachelii K. Brown, 1994 TL: Venezuela M T Parides panares tachira T. Racheli, 1991 TL: Venezuela M T Parides vertumnus (Cramer, 1779) TL: Surinam Parides vertumnus vertumnus (Cramer, 1779) TL: Surinam M T Parides vertumnus pseudobogotanus (R. Krüger, 1926) TL: French Guiana M T Parides vertumnus pyrophanus (J. Zikán, 1937) TL: Brazil (Am) M T Parides vertumnus bogotanus (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1864) TL: Colombia M T Parides vertumnus diceros (G. Gray, [1853]) TL: Brazil (Pa) M T Parides vertumnus cutora (G. Gray, [1853]) TL: Brazil (Am) M T Parides vertumnus astorius (J. Zikán, 1940) TL: Brazil (Am) M T Parides vertumnus autumnus (Staudinger, 1898) TL: Peru M T Parides vertumnus yuracares (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) TL: Bolivia M T Parides cutorina (Staudinger, 1898) TL: Brazil (Am); Peru M T Parides phosphorus (H. Bates, 1861) TL: Guyana Parides phosphorus gratianus (Hewitson, 1861) TL: Colombia M T Parides phosphorus laurae Bollino & Costa, 2004 TL: Venezuela M T Parides phosphorus phosphorus (H. Bates, 1861) TL: Guyana M T S Parides phosphorus zopyron Lamas, 1998 TL: Peru M T Parides phosphorus vavi T. Racheli, 1992 TL: Peru Parides anchises (Linnaeus, 1758) TL: "America" Parides anchises marthilia R. G. Maza, 1999 Chiapas M T Parides anchises farfan K. Brown, 1994 Panama (Pacific Coast) M T S Parides anchises alyattes (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861) TL: Colombia M T Parides anchises serapis (Boisduval, 1836) TL: Colombia M T Parides anchises osyris (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861) TL: Venezuela M T Parides anchises cymochles (E. Doubleday, 1844) TL: Trinidad M T Parides anchises orinocensis (Rousseau-Decelle, 1960) TL: Venezuela M T Parides anchises anchises (Linnaeus, 1758) TL: "America" M T HS Parides anchises bukuti Brévignon, 1998 TL: French Guiana Parides anchises thelios (G. Gray, [1853]) TL: Brazil (Pa) M T Parides anchises humaita D'Abrera, 1981 TL: Brazil (Am) M T Parides anchises drucei (A. Butler, 1874) TL: Ecuador M T Parides anchises zygma Lamas, 2001 TL: Colombia M T Parides anchises koenigi T. Racheli, 1989 TL: Peru M T Parides anchises marinae T. Racheli, 1987 TL: Peru M T Parides anchises etias (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) TL: Bolivia M T Parides anchises orbignyanus (Lucas, 1852) TL: Argentina M T Parides anchises foetterlei (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) TL: Brazil (SP) M T Parides anchises nephalion (Godart, 1819) TL: Brazil M T Parides anchises stilbon (Kollar, 1839) TL: Brazil M T Parides iphidamas (Fabricius, 1793) Iphidamas Cattleheart TL: ? Parides iphidamas iphidamas (Fabricius, 1793) SE Mexico to Costa Rica M T S1 S2 L I Parides iphidamas Atlantic Coast, Panama segregate , Atlantic Coast, Panama M S Parides iphidamas elatos (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) TL: Colombia M T Parides iphidamas gorgonae Vélez & Salazar, 1991 TL: Colombia Parides iphidamas phalias (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) TL: Colombia M T Parides iphidamas teneates (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) TL: Venezuela M T Parides iphidamas calogyna (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) TL: Ecuador; Colombia M T Parides iphidamas ayabacensis (Joicey & Talbot, 1918) TL: Peru M T Parides erithalion (Boisduval, 1836) TL: Colombia; "Jamaica" Parides erithalion trichopus (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) W Mexico M T S L I Ha Parides erithalion polyzelus (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865) E Mexico to Costa Rica M T S L I H Parides erithalion sadyattes (H. Druce, 1874) Nicaragua and N Costa Rica M T S Parides erithalion smalli K. Brown, 1994 S Costa Rica & Panama M T1 T2 L Parides erithalion erithalion (Boisduval, 1836) TL: Colombia; "Jamaica" M T Parides erithalion cauca (Oberthür, 1879) TL: Colombia Parides erithalion chocoensis Constantino, Le Crom & Salazar, 2002 TL: Colombia Parides erithalion palmasensis K. Brown, 1994 TL: Ecuador M T Parides erithalion zeuxis (Lucas, 1852) TL: Venezuela M T Parides erithalion inini Brévignon, 1998 TL: French Guiana Parides erithalion keithi T. Racheli, 1991 TL: Venezuela Parides erithalion browni Le Crom, Constantino & Salazar, 2002 TL: Colombia Parides erithalion kruegeri (Niepelt, 1927) TL: Colombia M T Parides erithalion guillerminae Pischedda & T. Racheli, 1986 TL: Ecuador M T Parides erithalion lacydes (Hewitson, 1869) TL: Ecuador M T Parides erithalion chinchipensis (Joicey & Talbot, 1918) TL: Peru M T Parides erithalion xanthias (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) TL: Peru M T Parides erithalion callegarii T. Racheli & L. Racheli, 1996 TL: Peru Parides erithalion racheliorum Lamas, 1998 TL: Peru M T Parides erithalion blanca T. Racheli & Möhn, 2001 TL: Peru Parides erithalion yaminahua Pischedda & T. Racheli, 1987 TL: Peru Parides erithalion erlaces (G. Gray, [1853]) TL: Bolivia M T Tribe Papilionini Heraclides Hübner, [1819] Heraclides hyppason (Cramer, 1775) TL: Surinam M T Heraclides chiansiades (Westwood, 1872) TL: Ecuador Heraclides chiansiades dospassosi (Rütimeyer, 1969) TL: Colombia M T Heraclides chiansiades chiansiades (Westwood, 1872) TL: Ecuador M T Heraclides chiansiades maroni (Moreau, 1923) TL: French Guiana M T Heraclides chiansiades mossi K. Brown, 1994 TL: Brazil (Pa) M T Heraclides isidorus (E. Doubleday, 1846) TL: Bolivia Heraclides isidorus rhodostictus (A. Butler & H. Druce, 1874) Costa Rica & W Panama M T S L Heraclides isidorus pacificus (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) E Panama to Ecuador M T S Heraclides isidorus nymphius (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) TL: Colombia M T Heraclides isidorus brises (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) TL: Colombia M T Heraclides isidorus autana T. Racheli & L. Racheli, 1995 TL: Venezuela Heraclides isidorus flavescens (Oberthür, 1879) TL: Colombia M T Heraclides isidorus isidorus (E. Doubleday, 1846) TL: Bolivia M T Heraclides isidorus tingo T. Racheli & L. Racheli, 1995 TL: Peru Heraclides anchisiades (Esper, 1788) TL: Surinam Heraclides anchisiades idaeus (Fabricius, 1793) Texas to Colombia & NW Venezuela M T S L I1 I2 I3 Heraclides anchisiades lamasi K. Brown, 1994 TL: Ecuador M T Heraclides anchisiades philastrius (Fruhstorfer, 1915) TL: Trinidad M T Heraclides anchisiades anchisiades (Esper, 1788) TL: Surinam M T OI Heraclides anchisiades capys (Hübner, [1809]) TL: ? Heraclides rogeri (Boisduval, 1836) Pink-spotted Swallowtail TL: Mexico (Yuc) Heraclides rogeri pharnaces (E. Doubleday, 1846) S Texas, most of Mexico, to NW Guatemala M T S L I Heraclides rogeri rogeri (Boisduval, 1836) Yucatan Peninsula and surrounding areas M S L Heraclides erostratus (Westwood, 1847) Erostratus Swallowtail TL: "Central America" Heraclides erostratus erostratinus (Vázquez, 1947) E Mexico M T S L Heraclides erostratus vazquezae (Beutelspacher, 1986) SW Mexico M T S L Ha Heraclides erostratus erostratus (Westwood, 1847) Chiapas, Guatemala, El Salvador M T S Heraclides epenetus (Hewitson, 1861) TL: Ecuador M T Heraclides oxynius (Geyer, [1827]) Oxynius Swallowtail Cuba M T S Heraclides pelaus (Fabricius, 1775) Caribbean Swallowtail TL: "India" Heraclides pelaus atkinsi (M. Bates, 1935) Cuba M T S Heraclides pelaus pelaus (Fabricius, 1775) Jamaica M T S Heraclides pelaus imerius (Godart, 1819) Hispaniola & Puerto Rico M T S L Heraclides pelaus puertoricensis Möhn, 1999 TL: Puerto Rico Heraclides garleppi (Staudinger, 1892) TL: Bolivia Heraclides garleppi interruptus (Staudinger, 1892) TL: Brazil (Am); Peru M T Heraclides garleppi lecerfi K. Brown & Lamas, 1994 TL: French Guiana M T Heraclides garleppi garleppi (Staudinger, 1892) TL: Bolivia M T Heraclides torquatus (Cramer, 1777) TL: Surinam Heraclides torquatus mazai (Beutelspacher, 1977) W Mexico to W El Salvador M T S Heraclides torquatus atsukoae (Okano, 1985) southern Veracruz to E El Salvador M S L Heraclides torquatus tolus (Godman & Salvin, 1890) NE Mexico to C Veracruz M T S L1 L2 Heraclides torquatus tolmides (Godman & Salvin, 1890) Guatemala to Panama M T S1 S2 I1 I2 Heraclides torquatus jeani K. Brown & Lamas, 1994 TL: Colombia M T Heraclides torquatus leptalea (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) TL: Ecuador M T Heraclides torquatus torquatus (Cramer, 1777) TL: Surinam M T Heraclides torquatus polybius (Swainson, 1823) TL: Brazil (MG) M T Heraclides hectorides (Esper, 1794) TL: "East Indies" M T Heraclides himeros (Hopffer, 1865) TL: Brazil Heraclides himeros baia (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) TL: Brazil (Ba) M T Heraclides himeros himeros (Hopffer, 1865) TL: Brazil M T Heraclides lamarchei (Staudinger, 1892) TL: Bolivia M T Heraclides androgeus (Cramer, 1775) TL: Surinam Heraclides androgeus epidaurus (Godman & Salvin, 1890) Greater Antilles (minus Jamaica), E Mexico to W Ecuador M T S1 S2 L I1 I2 Heraclides androgeus W Mexican segregate , W Mexico M S L Heraclides androgeus androgeus (Cramer, 1775) TL: Surinam M T Heraclides androgeus laodocus (Fabricius, 1793) TL: Brazil M T Heraclides thersites (Fabricius, 1775) False Androgeus Swallowtail Jamaica M T S L Heraclides astyalus (Godart, 1819) TL: Brazil Heraclides astyalus pallas (G. Gray, [1853]) S Texas, E Mexico to N Costa Rica M T S1 S2 Ab L I Heraclides astyalus bajaensis (J. Brown & Faulkner, 1992) W Mexico M T S L I Ha Heraclides astyalus hippomedon (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1859) Panama, Colombia, E to Guianas & S to mid-Amazon M T S L Heraclides astyalus anchicayaensis (Constantino, Le Crom & Salazar, 2002) TL: Colombia Heraclides astyalus phanias (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) TL: Ecuador M T Heraclides astyalus astyalus (Godart, 1819) TL: Brazil M T Heraclides ornythion (Boisduval, 1836) Ornythion Swallowtail S Texas, E Mexico to Honduras Heraclides ornythion ornythion (Boisduval, 1836) TL: Mexico (Yuc) M TI S L1 L2 I1 I2 H Heraclides ornythion W Mexican segregate , S Arizona, W Mexico M S Ha Heraclides thoas (Linnaeus, 1771) TL: "Guadeloupe"; Surinam Heraclides thoas autocles (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) Texas to Panama M T S1 S2 L I1 I2 Heraclides thoas oviedo (Gundlach, 1866) Cuba M T S Heraclides thoas nealces (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) Panama to Venezuela, Colombia, W Ecuador, far NW Peru M T S L Heraclides thoas thoas (Linnaeus, 1771) TL: "Guadeloupe"; Surinam M HS Heraclides thoas cinyras (Ménétriés, 1857) TL: "Brazil (Ba)" M T Heraclides thoas brasiliensis (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) TL: Brazil (RJ) M T Heraclides thoas thoantiades (Burmeister, 1878) TL: Argentina M T Heraclides homothoas (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) False Giant Swallowtail Costa Rica, Panama, N Colombia, N Venezuela, Trinidad M T S Heraclides cresphontes (Cramer, 1777) Giant Swallowtail Canada to Panama, Cuba, sporadic elsewhere M T S L1 L2 I1 I2 H Heraclides melonius (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) Jamaican Giant Swallowtail Jamaica M T S L Heraclides paeon (Boisduval, 1836) TL: "Chile" Heraclides paeon thrason (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865) Yucatan Peninsula to N Venezuela and W Peru M T S L Heraclides paeon paeon (Boisduval, 1836) TL: "Chile" M T Heraclides paeon escomeli (T. Cockerell, 1927) TL: Peru M T Heraclides aristodemus (Esper, 1794) Schaus' Swallowtail TL: [Haiti] Heraclides aristodemus ponceanus (Schaus, 1911) S Florida & northern Bahamas M T S L I H Heraclides aristodemus majasi L. Miller, 1987 Crooked & Acklin islands, central Bahamas M T S Heraclides aristodemus bjorndalae (Clench, 1979) Mayaguana, Turks & Caicos & Inagua islands M T S Heraclides aristodemus temenes (Godart, 1819) Cuba M T S L Heraclides aristodemus aristodemus (Esper, 1794) Hispaniola, Mona, Puerto Rico M T S L Heraclides andraemon Hübner, [1823] Bahamian Swallowtail TL: ? Heraclides andraemon bonhotei (Sharpe, 1900) S Florida & Bahamas M T S Heraclides andraemon andraemon Hübner, [1823] Cuba, Little Cayman & Cayman Brac, Jamaica M OI S Heraclides andraemon tailori (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) Grand Cayman M T S Heraclides machaonides (Esper, 1796) Machaonides Swallowtail Hispaniola M T OI S L Heraclides aristor (Godart, 1819) Scarce Hispaniolan Swallowtail Hispaniola M S Heraclides peleides (Esper, 1793) TL: "Indien?" M OI Heraclides caiguanabus (Poey, [1852]) Poey's Swallowtail Cuba M T S Pterourus Scopoli, 1777 Pterourus esperanza (Beutelspacher, 1975) Esperanza Swallowtail N Oaxaca M T S L Pterourus palamedes (Drury, 1773) Palamedes Swallowtail TL: USA ("Carolina") Pterourus palamedes palamedes (Drury, 1773) SE USA M T S HS L1 L2 I H Pterourus palamedes leontis (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) NE Mexico M T S L I Ha Pterourus troilus (Linnaeus, 1758) Spicebush Swallowtail TL: [USA (SC)] Pterourus troilus troilus (Linnaeus, 1758) E USA & SE Canada M T S HS L1 L2 L3 I H Pterourus troilus fakahatcheensis Gatrelle, 2000 S Florida M T S Pterourus pilumnus (Boisduval, 1836) Three-tailed Tiger Swallowtail S USA (as stray), Mexico to Guatemala M T S L1 L2 Pterourus multicaudata (W. F. Kirby, 1884) Two-tailed Tiger Swallowtail (Xochiquetzal) TL: Mexico Pterourus multicaudata pusillus (Austin & J. Emmel, 1998) NW USA to Baja California M T S L I1 I2 Ha Pterourus multicaudata multicaudata (W. F. Kirby, 1884) SW USA to central Mexico M T S L1 L2 I1 I2 H Pterourus multicaudata grandiosus (Austin & J. Emmel, 1998) central Mexico to Guatemala M T S L I Ha Pterourus eurymedon (Lucas, 1852) Pale Tiger Swallowtail W USA & Canada, Baja California Norte M T S L1 L2 L3 I H Pterourus rutulus (Lucas, 1852) Western Tiger Swallowtail [= arizonensis]; W USA & Canada, Baja California N M T S L1 L2 I Ha Pterourus canadensis (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) Canadian Tiger Swallowtail Alaska to northern New England M T S L Ha Pterourus appalachiensis Pavulaan & D. Wright, 2002 Appalachian Tiger Swallowtail Appalachian Mtns., E USA M T S L1 L2 Pterourus glaucus (Linnaeus, 1758) Eastern Tiger Swallowtail TL: "America" Pterourus glaucus glaucus (Linnaeus, 1758) E USA, far NE Tamaulipas M T1 T2 S Ab L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 I Pterourus glaucus maynardi (Gauthier, 1984) [= australis]; C & S Florida M S L I Pterourus alexiares (Hopffer, 1865) Mexican Tiger Swallowtail TL: Mexico Pterourus alexiares garcia (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) NE Mexico, W Texas M S L Pterourus alexiares alexiares (Hopffer, 1865) east-central Mexico M T S Pterourus hellanichus (Hewitson, 1868) TL: Uruguay M T Pterourus scamander (Boisduval, 1836) TL: Brazil Pterourus scamander joergenseni (Röber, 1925) TL: Argentina M T Pterourus scamander scamander (Boisduval, 1836) TL: Brazil M T Pterourus scamander grayi (Boisduval, 1836) TL: Brazil ([RS]) M T Pterourus homerus (Fabricius, 1793) Homerus Swallowtail Jamaica M S IL L Pterourus garamas (Geyer, [1829]) Magnificent Swallowtail TL: Mexico Pterourus garamas garamas (Geyer, [1829]) C and W Mexico M T S Hy L I Pterourus garamas NW Mexican segregate , nr. garamas M S L Pterourus garamas abderus (Hopffer, 1856) E Mexico M T S L Pterourus garamas baroni (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) SW Mexico M T S Pterourus garamas electryon (H. Bates, 1864) Chiapas to El Salvador & Honduras M T S Pterourus garamas syedra (Godman & Salvin, 1878) Costa Rica & W Panama M T S L I Pterourus victorinus (E. Doubleday, 1844) Victorine Swallowtail E Mexico to Nicaragua Pterourus victorinus victorinus (E. Doubleday, 1844) E Mexico to Nicaragua M T S L I Ha Pterourus victorinus morelius (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) W Mexico M T S Hy L Pterourus victorinus NW Mexican segregate , NW Mexico M S Pterourus coroebus (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861) TL: Venezuela Pterourus coroebus vulneratus (A. Butler, 1872) N Costa Rica M T S Pterourus coroebus laetitia (A. Butler, 1872) S Costa Rica & W Panama M T1 T2 S1 S2 I1 I2 Pterourus coroebus syndemis Tyler, K. Brown & Wilson, 1994 TL: Colombia M T Pterourus coroebus coroebus (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861) TL: Venezuela M T Pterourus lemoulti (Rousseau-Decelle, 1933) TL: Venezuela M T Pterourus menatius (Hübner, [1819]) TL: Surinam Pterourus menatius menatius (Hübner, [1819]) TL: Surinam M T Pterourus menatius ctesiades (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) TL: Peru M T Pterourus menatius coelebs (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) TL: Peru M T Pterourus menatius eurotas (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1862) TL: "Brazil (Am)" M T Pterourus menatius lenaeus (E. Doubleday, 1846) TL: Bolivia M T Pterourus cleotas (G. Gray, 1832) TL: "South America" M T Pterourus birchallii (Hewitson, 1863) Green-washed Swallowtail TL: Colombia Pterourus birchallii bryki (Strand, 1930) Honduras to central Panama M T S I1 I2 Pterourus birchallii birchallii (Hewitson, 1863) SE Panama to C & W Colombia M T S Pterourus xanthopleura (Salvin & Godman, 1868) TL: Peru M T Pterourus warscewiczii (Hopffer, 1865) TL: Bolivia Pterourus warscewiczii jelskii (Oberthür, 1881) TL: Peru M T S Pterourus warscewiczii mercedes (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) TL: Peru M T Pterourus warscewiczii warscewiczii (Hopffer, 1865) TL: Bolivia M T Pterourus cacicus (Lucas, 1852) TL: Colombia Pterourus cacicus cacicus (Lucas, 1852) TL: Colombia M T Pterourus cacicus nesrinae (Koçak, 1983) TL: Colombia M T Pterourus cacicus upanensis (Talbot, 1929) TL: Ecuador M T Pterourus cacicus mendozaensis (Bollino & Sala, 1994) TL: Peru M T S Pterourus cacicus inca (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) TL: Peru M T Pterourus euterpinus (Salvin & Godman, 1868) TL: Ecuador M T Pterourus bachus (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865) TL: Colombia Pterourus bachus bachus (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865) TL: Colombia M T Pterourus bachus chrysomelus (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) TL: Peru; Bolivia M T S Pterourus neyi (Niepelt, 1909) TL: Ecuador Pterourus neyi neyi (Niepelt, 1909) TL: Ecuador M T Pterourus neyi josianae Möhn, 2001 TL: Peru M T Pterourus neyi bedoci (Le Cerf, 1925) TL: French Guiana Pterourus zagreus (E. Doubleday, 1847) TL: Venezuela Pterourus zagreus zagreus (E. Doubleday, 1847) TL: Venezuela M T Pterourus zagreus batesi T. Racheli & L. Racheli, 1996 TL: Peru Pterourus zagreus chrysoxanthus (Fruhstorfer, 1915) TL: Peru M T Pterourus zagreus nigroapicalis Bollino & Sala, 1998 TL: Peru M T Pterourus zagreus baueri Möhn, 2001 TL: Brazil (Am) M T Pterourus ascolius (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1864) Orange Mimic-Swallowtail TL: Ecuador; Colombia Pterourus ascolius zalates (Godman & Salvin, 1890) Costa Rica to C Panama M T S Pterourus ascolius ascolius (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1864) N Colombia (S. Santa Marta to Magdalena V.) M T S L Pterourus ascolius daguanus (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) W Colombia (Choco) M T S Pterourus ascolius rosenbergi (H. Druce, 1903) TL: Ecuador M T Papilio Linnaeus, 1758 Papilio demoleus Linnaeus, 1758 Lime Swallowtail TL: China (Canon) Papilio demoleus demoleus Linnaeus, 1758 Introduced to Greater Antilles M S HS L Papilio xuthus Linnaeus, 1767 Asian Swallowtail Introduced to Hawaii M T S L I Papilio indra Reakirt, 1866 Indra Swallowtail TL: USA (Co) Papilio indra shastensis J. Emmel & T. Emmel, 1998 NW CA, SW OR M T S L Papilio indra indra Reakirt, 1866 most of range; NE ORE-WA, ID, MT, N UT, WY, W SD, CO M T S L I Ha Papilio indra N & C Sierra Nevada segregate , [ "i. indra"]; N & C Sierra Nevada, CA M S Papilio indra phyllisae J. Emmel, 1982 S Sierra Nevada, CA M T S L Papilio indra pergamus H. Edwards, 1874 Los Angeles, W San Berdo., Riverside, San Diego cos., CA M T S L H Papilio indra fordi J. A. Comstock & Martin, 1956 Calico S to Granite Mts.; Sheephole, Coxcomb, Eagle Mts., CA M T S Papilio indra parvindra J. Emmel, T. Emmel & Griffin, 2008 [= pygmaeus], Dead Mtns., San Bernardino Co., CA M T S Papilio indra martini J. Emmel & T. Emmel, 1966 Providence Mtns., San Bernardino Co., CA M T S Papilio indra panamintensis J. Emmel, 1982 Panamint Mts., Death Valley region, CA M T S Papilio indra nevadensis T. Emmel & J. Emmel, 1971 C & N NV M T S L Ha Papilio indra calcicola J. Emmel & Griffin, 1998 Muddy Mtns., Clark Co., NV, and vicinity, to E Death Valley area M T S1 S2 I Ha Papilio indra minori Cross, 1937 W CO, E UT, NW NM, NE AZ M S L I Ha Papilio indra kaibabensis Bauer, 1955 N AZ, S UT M T S L Papilio machaon Linnaeus, 1758 TL: Europe Papilio machaon machaon Linnaeus, 1758 TL: Europe M T Papilio machaon aliaska Scudder, 1869 Alaska, NW Canada M S L I Ha Papilio machaon hudsonianus A. Clark, 1932 NE Canada (and far NE USA) M T S Papilio machaon pikei Sperling, 1987 Peace River region, ALTA-BC M S Papilio machaon oregonia W. H. Edwards, 1876 Columbia Basin, NW USA M T S Hy L Papilio machaon dodi McDunnough, 1939 northern Great Plains, Alberta to NE Colorado M T S Papilio machaon bairdii W. H. Edwards, [1866] southern Rocky Mountains to SE California M T S1 S2 L I H Papilio brevicauda Saunders, 1868 Short-tailed Swallowtail TL: Canada (NL) Papilio brevicauda brevicauda Saunders, 1868 S Laborador, Newfoundland, Anticosti Island M S I Papilio brevicauda bretonensis McDunnough, 1939 Maritime Provinces M T S I Papilio brevicauda gaspeensis McDunnough, 1934 Gaspe Peninsula, Quebec M S Papilio joanae J. Heitzman, 1973 Ozark Swallowtail Ozark region, central USA M T S Papilio polyxenes Fabricius, 1775 Black Swallowtail TL: "America" Papilio polyxenes polyxenes Fabricius, 1775 Cuba M T S Papilio polyxenes asterius Stoll, 1782 Canada, E USA, S to El Salvador M T S1 S2 HS L1 L2 L3 L4 I1 I2 H Papilio polyxenes coloro W. G. Wright, 1905 far SW USA M T1 T2 S1 S2 L I Ha Papilio polyxenes stabilis Rothschild & Jordan, 1906 Costa Rica & W Panama M T S1 S2 L I Papilio polyxenes americus Kollar, 1850 TL: Colombia M T S Papilio polyxenes costarum Orellana, 2009 TL: Venezuela Papilio polyxenes sadalus Lucas, 1852 TL: Ecuador M T Papilio polyxenes gerardi Bollino & Vitale, 2002 TL: Peru Papilio zelicaon Lucas, 1852 Anise Swallowtail W USA & Canada, Baja California Norte M T1 T2 S1 S2 Hy L1 L2 L3 I Ha Family PIERIDAE Swainson, 1820 – WHITES and YELLOWS Subfamily Dismorphiinae Pseudopieris Godman & Salvin, 1889 Pseudopieris nehemia (Boisduval, 1836) TL: Brazil Pseudopieris nehemia irma Lamas, 1979 S Mexico (Chiapas) & Guatemala M T Pseudopieris nehemia francisca Lamas, 1979 Honduras M T Pseudopieris nehemia luisa Lamas, 1979 Panama to Ecuador M S L Pseudopieris nehemia aequatorialis (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861) TL: "Ecuador" M T Pseudopieris nehemia melania Lamas, 1985 TL: Peru Pseudopieris nehemia jessica Lamas, 2004 TL: Peru M L Pseudopieris nehemia mariana Lamas, 2004 TL: Peru (SM, HU) Pseudopieris nehemia limbalis Röber, 1924 TL: Brazil (Pa) M T S Pseudopieris nehemia nehemia (Boisduval, 1836) TL: Brazil M T Pseudopieris nehemia prasina Hayward, 1949 TL: Argentina M T Pseudopieris nehemia [n. ssp.] Lamas, MS Peru Pseudopieris viridula (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861) TL: Colombia Pseudopieris viridula viridula (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861) TL: Colombia M T Pseudopieris viridula mauritia Lamas, 2004 TL: Venezuela (Merida) - W. Colombia M T Pseudopieris viridula mimaripa de Marmels, Clavijo & M. Chacín, 2003 TL: Venezuela M T Pseudopieris viridula zulma Lamas, 2004 TL: S. Peru-Bolivia M T Lieinix G. Gray, 1832 Lieinix christa (Reissinger, 1970) TL: Brazil (Am) M T Lieinix cinerascens (Salvin, 1871) Bluish Mimic-White El Salvador to Panama M T S Lieinix lala (Godman & Salvin, 1889) Dark Mimic-White TL: Guatemala Lieinix lala lala (Godman & Salvin, 1889) C Chiapas, Mexico to Guatemala M T S Lieinix lala turrenti J. Maza & R. G. Maza, 1984 SW Chiapas, Mexico M T S Lieinix neblina J. Maza & R. G. Maza, 1984 Guerrero Mimic-White SW Mexico (Guerrero and Oaxaca) M T Lieinix nemesis (Latreille, [1813]) TL: [S. Amer.] Lieinix nemesis nemesis (Latreille, [1813]) TL: [S. Amer.] M T S Ma L1 L2 Lieinix nemesis atthis (E. Doubleday, 1842) E Mexico to Panama M T S1 S2 L1 L2 Lieinix nemesis nayaritensis Llorente, 1984 W Mexico (Nayarit to Oaxaca) M T S L Lieinix viridifascia (A. Butler, 1872) Greenish Mimic-White Meseta Central & Volcan Chiriqui, Costa Rica & Panama M S L Dismorphia Hübner, 1816 Dismorphia altis Fassl, 1910 TL: Colombia Dismorphia altis altis Fassl, 1910 TL: Colombia M T Dismorphia altis sophia Lamas, Rodríguez & Llorente, 2004 TL: Colombia M T Dismorphia altis negreti Pyrcz & G. Rodríguez, 2004 TL: Colombia M T S Dismorphia amphione (Cramer, 1779) TL: Surinam Dismorphia amphione amphione (Cramer, 1779) TL: Surinam Dismorphia amphione astynome (Dalman, 1823) TL: Brazil M T L Dismorphia amphione beroe (Lucas, 1852) Panama-Colombia M T S Dismorphia amphione bertha Lamas, 2004 TL: Peru (LO) Dismorphia amphione broomeae A. Butler, 1899 TL: Trinidad M T Dismorphia amphione daguana Bargmann, 1929 TL: Colombia M T Dismorphia amphione discrepans A. Butler, 1896 TL: "Colombia" M T Dismorphia amphione egaena (H. Bates, 1861) TL: Brazil (Am) M T Dismorphia amphione isolda Llorente, 1984 SW Mexico, Pacific slope of Guerrero & Oaxaca M T S L Dismorphia amphione lupita Lamas, 1979 NW Mexico (Nayarit, Jalisco, Colima) M T S L Dismorphia amphione meridionalis Röber, 1909 TL: Bolivia M T Dismorphia amphione mora Lamas, 2004 TL: Peru (MD) M S Dismorphia amphione praxinoe (E. Doubleday, 1844) E Mexico to Colombia M T S L Dismorphia amphione rhomboidea A. Butler, 1896 TL: Peru M T Dismorphia arcadia (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1862) TL: Colombia Dismorphia arcadia arcadia (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1862) TL: Colombia M T L Dismorphia arcadia lucilla A. Butler, 1899 TL: Ecuador M T S L Dismorphia arcadia heloisa Lamas, 2004 TL: N. Peru M L Dismorphia arcadia medorina (Hewitson, 1875) TL: Bolivia M T Dismorphia hippotas (Hewitson, 1875) TL: Ecuador Dismorphia hippotas diana Lamas, Llorente & G. Rodríguez, 2004 TL: Colombia M T Dismorphia hippotas hippotas (Hewitson, 1875) TL: Ecuador M T L Dismorphia astyocha (Hübner, [1831]) TL: [Brazil (RJ)] M T L Dismorphia boliviana Forster, 1955 TL: Bolivia M T S L Dismorphia crisia (Drury, 1782) TL: Brazil (RJ) Dismorphia crisia crisia (Drury, 1782) TL: Brazil (RJ) M T L Dismorphia crisia alvarezi J. Maza & R. G. Maza, 1984 SW Chiapas, Mexico, to Guatemala M T S L Dismorphia crisia foedora (Lucas, 1852) TL: Venezuela M Ma L Dismorphia crisia interrupta Talbot, 1932 TL: "Peru"; Colombia M L Dismorphia crisia lubina A. Butler, 1872 Costa Rica & Panama M T S1 S2 L I Dismorphia crisia neblina Reissinger, 1970 TL: Venezuela M T Dismorphia crisia roraimae A. Hall, 1939 TL: Guyana M T Dismorphia crisia saltensis Breyer, 1939 TL: Argentina M T Dismorphia crisia steinhauseri J. Maza & R. G. Maza, 1984 El Salvador M T S L Dismorphia crisia tolimensis Fassl, 1915 TL: Colombia M T L Dismorphia crisia virgo (H. Bates, 1864) SE Mexico & Guatemala M T S Dismorphia crisia anamaria Lamas, 2004 TL: N.W. Peru M Ma L Dismorphia crisia sylvia Lamas, 2004 TL: N.E. Peru M T Dismorphia cubana (Herrich-Schäffer, 1862) Cuban Mimic-White Cuba M T S Dismorphia eunoe (E. Doubleday, 1844) Eunoe Mimic-White TL: Mexico ([Oax]) Dismorphia eunoe eunoe (E. Doubleday, 1844) S Mexico; Atlantic slope of Veracruz & Oaxaca M T S Dismorphia eunoe chamula Llorente & Luis, 1988 S Mexico (Chiapas) M T S Dismorphia eunoe desine (Hewitson, 1869) Nicaragua & Costa Rica to Panama M T S1 S2 L I Dismorphia eunoe popoluca Llorente & Luis, 1988 Los Tuxtlas region, Veracruz, Mexico M T S Dismorphia eunoe noelia Lamas, 2004 Darien, Panama M OI L Dismorphia eunoe [n. ssp.] Lamas, MS Panama Dismorphia hyposticta (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861) TL: Venezuela Dismorphia hyposticta hyposticta (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861) TL: Venezuela M T Dismorphia hyposticta manuelita Fassl, 1910 TL: Colombia M T L Dismorphia hyposticta paulina Lamas, 2004 TL: Peru M T Dismorphia hyposticta ophelia Lamas, 2004 TL: Peru Dismorphia laja (Cramer, 1779) TL: Surinam Dismorphia laja laja (Cramer, 1779) TL: Surinam M S Dismorphia laja carthesis (Hewitson, 1869) TL: Guyana M T Dismorphia laja jurua Röber, 1924 TL: Brazil (Am) M T Dismorphia laja koenigi Baumann & Reissinger, 1969 TL: Peru M T S Dismorphia laja lysianax (Hewitson, [1860]) TL: [Peru] M T Dismorphia laja spectabilis Avinoff, 1926 TL: Bolivia M T Dismorphia laja tapajona (H. Bates, 1861) TL: Brazil (Pa) M T Dismorphia laja tricolor Grose-Smith & W. F. Kirby, 1897 TL: [Colombia] M T Dismorphia laja rosina Lamas, 2004 TL: Peru M T Dismorphia lelex (Hewitson, 1869) TL: Ecuador Dismorphia lelex lelex (Hewitson, 1869) TL: Ecuador M T Ma L Dismorphia lelex valeria Lamas, Llorente & Salazar, 2004 TL: Colombia M S L Dismorphia lelex xiomara Lamas, 2004 TL: Ecuador M T L Dismorphia lewyi (Lucas, 1852) TL: Colombia Dismorphia lewyi lewyi (Lucas, 1852) TL: Colombia M S Dismorphia lewyi boliviensis Röber, 1909 TL: Bolivia M T Dismorphia lewyi dolorita Fassl, 1910 TL: Colombia M T Ma L Dismorphia lewyi leonora (Hewitson, 1869) TL: Ecuador M T L Dismorphia lewyi nasua (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861) TL: Venezuela M T Dismorphia lewyi rebecca Lamas, 2004 TL: Peru M T S Dismorphia lua (Hewitson, 1869) TL: Ecuador Dismorphia lua lua (Hewitson, 1869) TL: Ecuador M T Dismorphia lua costaricensis (Schaus, 1913) Costa Rica M T Dismorphia lua garleppi Staudinger, 1894 TL: Bolivia M T Dismorphia lua idae Fassl, 1910 Panama - W Colombia M T S L Dismorphia lua roberta Lamas, 2004 TL: Peru M T Dismorphia lycosura (Hewitson, [1860]) TL: Peru Dismorphia lycosura lycosura (Hewitson, [1860]) TL: Peru M T Dismorphia lycosura [n. ssp.] Lamas, MS Peru Dismorphia lygdamis (Hewitson, 1869) TL: Ecuador Dismorphia lygdamis lygdamis (Hewitson, 1869) TL: Ecuador M T Dismorphia lygdamis doris Baumann & Reissinger, 1969 TL: Peru M T Dismorphia lygdamis beatrix Lamas, MS TL: Peru M L Dismorphia lysis (Hewitson, 1869) TL: Ecuador Dismorphia lysis lysis (Hewitson, 1869) TL: Ecuador M T L Dismorphia lysis peruana Röber, 1909 TL: Peru M T L Dismorphia lysis mariella Lamas, 2004 TL: Peru Dismorphia medora (E. Doubleday, 1844) TL: Colombia Dismorphia medora medora (E. Doubleday, 1844) TL: Colombia M T Ma L Dismorphia medora reducta Llorente & Andrade, 2004 TL: Colombia M T Dismorphia medora lilianna Lamas, 2004 TL: Ecuador M T Ma L Dismorphia medora juditha Lamas, 2004 TL: Peru Dismorphia medora [n. ssp.] Lamas, MS Peru Dismorphia medorilla (Hewitson, 1877) TL: Ecuador Dismorphia medorilla medorilla (Hewitson, 1877) TL: Ecuador M T S Dismorphia medorilla buchtieni Fassl, 1915 TL: Bolivia M T Dismorphia medorilla sarita Lamas, 2004 TL: Peru M T S Dismorphia melia (Godart, [1824]) TL: Brazil M T Dismorphia mirandola (Hewitson, 1878) TL: Ecuador Dismorphia mirandola mirandola (Hewitson, 1878) TL: Ecuador M T Dismorphia mirandola discoloria Weymer, 1891 TL: Colombia M T S Dismorphia mirandola [n. ssp.] Lamas, MS Colombia Dismorphia niepelti Weymer, 1909 TL: Ecuador M T Dismorphia pseudolewyi Forster, 1955 TL: Bolivia M T Dismorphia spio (Godart, 1819) Hispaniolan Mimic-White Hispaniola and Puerto Rico M T S1 S2 L Dismorphia teresa (Hewitson, 1869) TL: Ecuador M T S Dismorphia thermesia (Godart, 1819) TL: Brazil Dismorphia thermesia minima Llorente, Andrade & Salazar, 2004 TL: Colombia Dismorphia thermesia thermesia (Godart, 1819) TL: Brazil M S L Dismorphia thermesia [n. ssp.#1] Lamas, MS TL: Peru Dismorphia thermesia [n. ssp.#2] Lamas, MS TL: Guyana Dismorphia thermesina (Hopffer, 1874) TL: [Peru] Dismorphia thermesina thermesina (Hopffer, 1874) TL: [Peru] M T S Dismorphia thermesina pimpla (Hopffer, 1874) TL: Bolivia M T Dismorphia theucharila (E. Doubleday, 1848) TL: Venezuela Dismorphia theucharila theucharila (E. Doubleday, 1848) TL: Venezuela M T Dismorphia theucharila argochloe (H. Bates, 1861) TL: Brazil (Am) M T Dismorphia theucharila avonia (Hewitson, 1867) TL: Ecuador M T Dismorphia theucharila fortunata (Lucas, 1854) E Mexico to NW Colombia M T S1 S2 L I Dismorphia theucharila leuconoe (H. Bates, 1861) TL: Brazil ([Am]) M T L Dismorphia theucharila lysinoe (Hewitson, [1853]) TL: [Brazil (Am)] M T Dismorphia theucharila lysinoides Staudinger, 1884 TL: Colombia M T Dismorphia theucharila siloe (Hewitson, [1858]) Panama and Colombia M T L Dismorphia theucharila theonoe (Hewitson, [1853]) TL: [Brazil (Pa)] M T Dismorphia theucharila vitrea E. Krüger, 1925 TL: Surinam M T Dismorphia theucharila xanthone Röber, 1924 TL: [Colombia] M T L Dismorphia theucharila marta G. Rodríguez, Llorente & Salazar, 2004 TL: Colombia Dismorphia theucharila yolanda Lamas, 2004 TL: Colombia M T Dismorphia zaela (Hewitson, [1858]) TL: [Ecuador] Dismorphia zaela zaela (Hewitson, [1858]) TL: [Ecuador] M T Ma L Dismorphia zaela abilene (Hewitson, [1872]) TL: Ecuador M T S Dismorphia zaela oreas (Salvin, 1871) Costa Rica & Panama M T S L Dismorphia zaela laura Lamas, Llorente & Salazar, 2004 TL: Colombia M T Dismorphia zathoe (Hewitson, [1858]) TL: Colombia Dismorphia zathoe zathoe (Hewitson, [1858]) TL: Colombia M T L Dismorphia zathoe core (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861) TL: Venezuela M T Dismorphia zathoe demeter Röber, 1909 TL: Colombia M T Dismorphia zathoe othoe (Hewitson, 1867) TL: Colombia M T Dismorphia zathoe pallidula A. Butler & H. Druce, 1874 Costa Rica & Panama M T S1 S2 L1 L2 Dismorphia zathoe proserpina Grose-Smith & W. F. Kirby, 1897 TL: Guyana M T Dismorphia [n. sp.] Lamas, MS not specified Dismorphia [n. sp.] [n. ssp.#1] Lamas, MS TL: Peru Dismorphia [n. sp.] [n. ssp.#2] Lamas, MS TL: Peru Patia Klots, 1933 Patia orise (Boisduval, 1836) TL: French Guiana Patia orise denigrata (Rosenberg & Talbot, 1914) TL: Peru M T Patia orise orise (Boisduval, 1836) TL: French Guiana M T S Patia rhetes (Hewitson, [1857]) TL: Colombia M T Patia cordillera (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1862) TL: Colombia Patia cordillera sororna (A. Butler, 1872) Costa Rica to Colombia M T S Patia cordillera thecla (Bargmann, 1929) TL: Colombia M T Patia cordillera cordillera (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1862) TL: Colombia M T Patia cordillera larunda (Hewitson, 1869) TL: Ecuador M T Enantia Hübner, [1819] Enantia lina (Herbst, 1792) TL: America Enantia lina virna Lamas, 2003 S Mexico (SW Chiapas) to SW Guatemala M T S Enantia lina marion Godman & Salvin, 1889 SE Mexico to Panama M T S L Enantia lina agatha Lamas, Llorente & Constantino, 2004 TL: Colombia M T Enantia lina mercenaria (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861) TL: Venezuela M T L Enantia lina lina (Herbst, 1792) TL: America Enantia lina acutipennis A. Butler, 1896 TL: Trinidad M T Enantia lina galanthis (H. Bates, 1861) TL: [Brazil (Am)] M T L Enantia lina aphrodite (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865) TL: Brazil M T L Enantia lina psamathe (Fabricius, 1793) TL: America M T Enantia lina versicolora (Fruhstorfer, 1912) TL: Brazil (Pe) M T Enantia lina [n. ssp.] Lamas, MS Ecuador Enantia limnorina (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865) TL: Brazil M T L Enantia citrinella (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861) TL: Venezuela Enantia citrinella citrinella (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861) TL: Venezuela M T Enantia citrinella [n. ssp.#1] Lamas, MS TL: Colombia Enantia citrinella [n. ssp.#2] Lamas, MS TL: Peru Enantia citrinella [n. ssp.#3] Lamas, MS TL: Peru Enantia melite (Linnaeus, 1763) TL: "Indiis" Enantia melite melite (Linnaeus, 1763) TL: "Indiis" M T L Enantia melite linealis (Prüffer, 1922) TL: Peru M T S Enantia melite theugenis (E. Doubleday, 1848) TL: Bolivia M T Enantia melite vilma Lamas, 2004 TL: Peru M T Enantia albania (H. Bates, 1864) Costa-spotted Mimic-White TL: Guatemala Enantia albania albania (H. Bates, 1864) S TX (one-time stray), E Mexico to Guatemala & El Salvador M T S1 S2 L Enantia albania amalia (Staudinger, 1884) Nicaragua to Panama M T S L Enantia albania zoraida Lamas, Llorente & Constantino, 2004 TL: Colombia M S Enantia albania sonya Lamas, Llorente & Winhard, 2004 TL: Colombia M T Enantia albania nuria Lamas, 2004 TL: Ecuador Enantia mazai Llorente, 1984 De la Maza's Mimic-White TL: Mexico (Ver) Enantia mazai mazai Llorente, 1984 E Mexico to Chiapas M T1 T2 S L Enantia mazai diazi Llorente, 1984 W Mexico M T S1 S2 Ab L H Enantia aloikea Brévignon, 1993 TL: French Guiana Enantia clarissa (Weymer, 1895) TL: Brazil (RS) M T Enantia jethys (Boisduval, 1836) Jethys Mimic-White E Mexico to El Salvador & Nicaragua M T S1 S2 L Moschoneura A. Butler, 1870 Moschoneura pinthous (Linnaeus, 1758) TL: "Indiis" Moschoneura pinthous xanthella Le Crom, Llorente & Fagua, 2004 TL: Colombia Moschoneura pinthous ela (Hewitson, 1877) TL: Ecuador M T Moschoneura pinthous ithomia (Hewitson, 1867) TL: Ecuador M T Moschoneura pinthous monica Lamas, 2004 TL: Peru M L Moschoneura pinthous patricia Lamas, 2004 TL: Peru Moschoneura pinthous amelina (Hopffer, 1874) TL: [Peru] M T Moschoneura pinthous pinthous (Linnaeus, 1758) TL: "Indiis" M T L Moschoneura pinthous proxima (Röber, 1924) TL: Brazil (Am) M T L Moschoneura pinthous cyra (E. Doubleday, 1844) TL: [Brazil (Ba)] M T Moschoneura pinthous methymna (Godart, 1819) TL: Brazil Moschoneura pinthous [n. ssp.#1] Lamas, MS TL: Venezuela Moschoneura pinthous [n. ssp.#2] Lamas, MS TL: Brazil (Pa) Moschoneura pinthous [n. ssp.#3] Lamas, MS TL: Brazil (Pa) Subfamily Coliadinae Kricogonia Reakirt, 1863 Kricogonia lyside (Godart, 1819) Lyside Sulphur SE AZ & S TX (strays N) to Venezuela; S FL, Gr. Antilles M T S1 S2 S3 L1 L2 I H Kricogonia cabrerai Ramsden, 1920 Cuban Sulphur Cuba M T S Nathalis Boisduval, 1836 Nathalis plauta E. Doubleday, 1847 TL: Venezuela M T S Nathalis iole Boisduval, 1836 Dainty Sulphur S USA (strays N to Canada) to Hondruas, Greater Antilles Nathalis iole iole Boisduval, 1836 TL: Mexico M T S L1 L2 I1 I2 H Nathalis iole natalia Pulido, Andrade & Llorente, 2010 TL: Colombia M S Eurema Hübner, [1819] Eurema daira (Godart, 1819) Barred Yellow TL: USA (Va) Eurema daira sidonia (R. Felder, 1869) SE AZ & SW NM (as vagrant), W Mexico M T S1 S2 L I Eurema daira daira (Godart, 1819) SE USA, Bahamas, Cuba as irregular vagrant M T S1 S2 L Eurema daira palmira (Poey, [1852]) Greater & Lesser Antilles, irregularly S FL (as vagrant?) M T1 T2 S Eurema daira eugenia (Wallengren, 1860) S TX (strays N), E Mexico to Panama M T S1 S2 S3 S4 L Eurema daira lydia (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861) SE Panama, NW South America M T S Eurema daira macheti Brévignon, 1996 TL: French Guiana Eurema elathea (Cramer, 1777) Banded Yellow TL: USA (Va) Eurema elathea elathea (Cramer, 1777) Greater & Lesser Antilles, Bahamas, Caymans M T S1 S2 L Eurema elathea vitellina (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861) Nicaragua to Colombia & Venezuela M T S1 S2 L Eurema elathea ella (Röber, 1909) TL: Ecuador M T Eurema elathea [n. ssp.#1] Lamas, MS TL: Peru Eurema elathea [n. ssp.#2] Lamas, MS TL: Venezuela Eurema elathea obsoleta (Jörgensen, 1932) TL: Paraguay M T L Eurema elathea lamasi Brévignon, 1993 TL: French Guiana Eurema elathea flavescens (Chavannes, 1850) TL: Brazil (SP) M T Eurema nigrocincta Dognin, 1889 TL: Ecuador Eurema nigrocincta nigrocincta Dognin, 1889 TL: Ecuador M T Eurema nigrocincta hockingi Lamas, 1981 TL: Peru M T Eurema lucina (Poey, [1852]) Smudged Yellow [= forbesi?], Cuba and Isla de Juventud M T Eurema priddyi (Lathy, 1898) Priddy's Yellow Hispaniola M T S Eurema amelia (Poey, [1852]) Cuban Yellow Cuba & Isla de Juventud M T S Eurema agave (Cramer, 1775) Agave Yellow TL: Surinam Eurema agave millerorum Llorente & Luis, 1987 SE Mexico to Costa Rica M T S Eurema agave agave (Cramer, 1775) Panama, South America M T S L Eurema agave pallida (Chavannes, 1850) TL: Brazil (SP) M S Eurema albula (Cramer, 1775) White Yellow TL: Surinam Eurema albula celata (R. Felder, 1869) E & W Mexico to Honduras M T S L Eurema albula marginella (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861) Nicaragua to Ecuador M T S1 S2 L I Eurema albula albula (Cramer, 1775) NE South America to Argentina, Trinidad, St. Vincent M T S Eurema albula totora Lamas, 1981 TL: Peru M T Eurema albula espinosae (A. Fernández, 1928) TL: Peru M T Eurema albula sinoe (Godart, 1819) TL: Brazil M T Eurema lirina (H. Bates, 1861) TL: Brazil (Pa) M T Eurema phiale (Cramer, 1775) TL: Surinam Eurema phiale columbia (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861) TL: Venezuela; Colombia M T Eurema phiale phiale (Cramer, 1775) TL: Surinam M T Eurema phiale paula (Röber, 1909) TL: Brazil (SP) M T Eurema reticulata (A. Butler, 1871) TL: Ecuador M T Eurema deva (E. Doubleday, 1847) TL: "French Guiana" Eurema deva deva (E. Doubleday, 1847) TL: "French Guiana" M T Eurema deva chilensis (Blanchard, 1852) TL: Chile M T Eurema deva doris (Röber, 1909) TL: Bolivia M T Eurema adamsi (Lathy, 1898) Contrasting Yellow Jamaica M T S Eurema paulina (H. Bates, 1861) TL: Brazil (Am) M T Eurema xantochlora (Kollar, 1850) Tropical Yellow TL: Colombia Eurema xantochlora xantochlora (Kollar, 1850) SE Mexico to Colombia & Venezuela M T S1 S2 L I Eurema xantochlora magna Winhard & Le Crom, 2004 TL: Colombia Eurema xantochlora edentata Le Crom & Constantino, 2004 TL: Colombia Eurema xantochlora ectriva (A. Butler, 1873) TL: Ecuador M T Eurema xantochlora pomponia (Hopffer, 1874) TL: Peru M T Eurema fabiola (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861) TL: Venezuela M T Eurema salome (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861) TL: "Ecuador" Eurema salome jamapa (Reakirt, 1866) S NM & S TX (as strays) to Panama M S1 S2 L Eurema salome gaugamela (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865) TL: Colombia M T Eurema salome santamarta Le Crom, Winhard & Salazar, 2004 TL: Colombia Eurema salome neglecta Le Crom & G. Rodríguez, 2004 TL: Colombia Eurema salome limoneus (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861) TL: Venezuela M T Eurema salome xystra (R.F. d'Almeida, 1936) TL: Ecuador M T Eurema salome salome (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861) TL: "Ecuador" M T Eurema salome [n. ssp.] Lamas, MS Peru Eurema tupuntenem Lichy, 1976 TL: Venezuela Eurema tupuntenem tupuntenem Lichy, 1976 TL: Venezuela M T Eurema tupuntenem [n. ssp.] Lamas, MS Venezuela Eurema mexicana (Boisduval, 1836) Mexican Yellow TL: Mexico Eurema mexicana mexicana (Boisduval, 1836) SW USA (strays widely N) to Panama M T S L I H Eurema mexicana bogotana (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861) Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia M T S Eurema mexicana citrella Winhard, Le Crom & Constantino, 2004 TL: Colombia Eurema mexicana tayrona Winhard, Le Crom & Salazar, 2004 TL: Colombia Eurema arbela Geyer, 1832 TL: "Java" Eurema arbela boisduvaliana (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865) SE AZ, SW NM, S TX (sporadic) to W Costa Rica, Cuba, Jamaica M T S1 S2 L I H Eurema arbela gratiosa (E. Doubleday, 1847) W Costa Rica to Venezuela, St. Lucia & the Grenadines M T S1 S2 Eurema arbela deflorata (Kollar, 1850) TL: Colombia M T Eurema arbela angulata (Wallengren, 1860) TL: ? M T Eurema arbela ruizana Lamas, 1981 TL: Peru M T Eurema arbela gracilis (Avinoff, 1926) TL: Brazil (Ba) M T Eurema arbela graduata (A. Butler, 1873) TL: Brazil (Pa) M T S Eurema arbela arbela Geyer, 1832 TL: "Java" M T Abaeis Hübner, [1819] Abaeis nicippe (Cramer, 1779) Sleepy Orange S USA (strays N) to Costa Rica, Gr. Antilles, Caymans, Bahamas M T S1 S2 L1 L2 L3 I H Abaeis nicippiformis (Munroe, 1947) Fast Orange Hispaniola M T S Pyrisitia A. Butler, 1870 Pyrisitia proterpia (Fabricius, 1775) Tailed Orange SE AZ, SW NM, S TX (strays N) to Peru, most Greater Antilles M T S1 S2 S3 L1 L2 I H Pyrisitia dina (Poey, 1832) Dina Yellow TL: Cuba Pyrisitia dina westwoodi (Boisduval, 1836) SE AZ (as stray) & E Mexico to Panama M T S1 S2 L Pyrisitia dina helios (M. Bates, 1934) S FL, Bahamas M T S1 S2 L I H Pyrisitia dina dina (Poey, 1832) Cuba M T S Pyrisitia dina parvumbra (Kaye, 1925) Jamaica M T S L Pyrisitia dina mayobanex (M. Bates, 1939) Hispaniola M T S Pyrisitia dina gabriela Le Crom & Llorente, 2004 [far SE Panama?], Colombia M T Pyrisitia chamberlaini (A. Butler, 1898) Chamberlain's Yellow TL: Bahamas Pyrisitia chamberlaini chamberlaini (A. Butler, 1898) Great Bahama Bank M T S Pyrisitia chamberlaini clenchi (L. Miller, Simon & Harvey, 1992) Crooked & Acklins Islands M T Pyrisitia chamberlaini inaguae (Munroe, 1950) Great & Little Inagua, far E Cuba M T S Pyrisitia chamberlaini mariguanae (M. Bates, 1934) Mayaguana I. & Caicos Islands M T S Pyrisitia leuce (Boisduval, 1836) TL: Brazil (RS) Pyrisitia leuce athalia (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865) Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad M T S1 S2 Pyrisitia leuce memulus (A. Butler, 1871) Hispaniola M T S1 S2 L Pyrisitia leuce antillarum (A. Hall, 1936) P. Rico, St. Kitts, St. Martin, Guadeloupe, Dominica, St. Lucia M T S1 S2 L Pyrisitia leuce flavilla (H. Bates, 1861) TL: [Brazil (Am)] M T Pyrisitia leuce circumcincta (H. Bates, 1861) TL: Brazil (Pa) M T Pyrisitia leuce leuce (Boisduval, 1836) TL: Brazil (RS) M T Pyrisitia venusta (Boisduval, 1836) Pale Yellow TL: "Jamaica"; Colombia Pyrisitia venusta emanona (Dillon, 1947) Lesser Antilles (Grenada to Montserrat) M T S Pyrisitia venusta venusta (Boisduval, 1836) Panama, northern South America M T S L Pyrisitia venusta aequatorialis (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861) TL: "Ecuador" M T Pyrisitia nise (Cramer, 1775) Mimosa Yellow TL: Jamaica Pyrisitia nise nelphe (R. Felder, 1869) S AZ (as stray) & S TX (strays N) to Panama M T S1 S2 L I1 I2 I3 Ha Pyrisitia nise nise (Cramer, 1775) S FL, Grand Bahama, New Providence I., Cuba, Jamaica M T S Pyrisitia nise stygma (Boisduval, 1836) TL: Peru M T Pyrisitia nise [n. ssp.] Lamas, MS Peru Pyrisitia nise floscula (Weeks, 1901) TL: Bolivia M T Pyrisitia nise tenella (Boisduval, 1836) TL: Brazil M T Pyrisitia larae (Herrich-Schäffer, 1862) Confusing Yellow Cuba, Andros, Great Abaco M T S Pyrisitia lisa (Boisduval & Le Conte, [1830]) Little Yellow TL: USA Pyrisitia lisa lisa (Boisduval & Le Conte, [1830]) SE USA (C TX to VA, strays N), Bermuda, N Bahamas M T S1 S2 L1 L2 Pyrisitia lisa centralis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1865) SE AZ (as stray), S TX to Panama M S1 S2 L I Pyrisitia lisa euterpe (Ménétriés, 1832) Greater and Lesser Antilles to Barbados M T S1 S2 L Pyrisitia euterpiformis (Munroe, 1947) Hispaniolan Yellow Hispaniola M T S Pyrisitia portoricensis (Dewitz, 1877) Puerto Rican Yellow Puerto Rico M T S L Pyrisitia pyro (Godart, 1819) Pyro Orange Hispaniola M T S1 S2 Pyrisitia messalina (Fabricius, 1787) Whitish Yellow Bahamas, Cuba, I. de Juventud, Jamaica, Caymans, [S FL?] M T S1 S2 Leucidia E. Doubleday, 1847 Leucidia brephos (Hübner, [1809]) TL: ["Brazil (RJ)"] M T Leucidia elvina (Godart, 1819) TL: Brazil M T Teriocolias Röber, 1909 Teriocolias zelia (Lucas, 1852) TL: [Bolivia] Teriocolias zelia zelia (Lucas, 1852) TL: [Bolivia] M T Teriocolias zelia andina W. Forbes, 1928 TL: Peru M T Teriocolias zelia mathani (W. D. Field, 1950) TL: Peru M T Teriocolias zelia pacis Röber, 1909 TL: Peru M T Colias Fabricius, 1807 Colias philodice Godart, 1819 Clouded Sulphur TL: USA (Va) Colias philodice philodice Godart, 1819 TL: USA (Va) M T S1 S2 S3 Ab L Colias philodice eriphyle W. H. Edwards, 1876 TL: Canada (BC) M T S1 S2 L I Ha Colias philodice vitabunda Hovanitz, 1943 TL: USA (Ak) M S L I Colias philodice guatemalena Röber, 1909 Chiapas & Guatemala M T S Colias eurytheme Boisduval, 1852 Orange Sulphur TL: USA (Ca); Mexico M T S1 S2 S3 Ab L1 L2 I Ha Colias occidentalis Scudder, 1862 Western Sulphur TL: USA (Wa) Colias occidentalis chrysomelas H. Edwards, 1877 TL: USA (Ca) M S Colias occidentalis SW Oregon segregate , S Cascades, far NE Siskiyous, Jackson -Josephine Co., OR M S L Ha Colias occidentalis occidentalis Scudder, 1862 [= nortepacifica] M S L Ha Colias occidentalis sullivani Hammond & McCorkle, 2003 TL: USA (Or) M T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 S Colias occidentalis NE Oregon mountains segregate , M S L Ha Colias occidentalis lower Snake River drainage segregate , M S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 Colias occidentalis pseudochristina Ferris, 1989 TL: USA (Ut) M T S L I Colias christina W. H. Edwards, 1863 Christina's Sulphur TL: Canada (NT) Colias christina kluanensis Ferris, 1981 TL: Canada (Yt) M T S L I Colias christina christina W. H. Edwards, 1863 TL: Canada (NT) M S1 S2 S3 Colias christina sacajawea Kohler, 2006 TL: USA (Mt) M S Colias christina pseudocolumbiensis C. Guppy & J. Shepard, 2001 TL: Canada (BC) M S1 S2 S3 Colias christina columbiensis Ferris, 1973 TL: Canada (BC) M S Colias christina krauthii Klots, 1935 TL: USA (SD) M S L I Ha Colias alexandra W. H. Edwards, 1863 Queen Alexandra's Sulphur TL: USA (Co) Colias alexandra altamont Kondla & Kohler, 2006 TL: USA (Mt) M S Colias alexandra astraea W. H. Edwards, 1872 TL: USA (Wy) M S Ab L Ha Colias alexandra alexandra W. H. Edwards, 1863 TL: USA (Co) M S Ab L I Ha Colias alexandra altiplano M. Fisher & Scott, 2006 TL: USA (Co) M S Colias alexandra apache Ferris, 1988 TL: USA (Az) M S L Colias alexandra edwardsii W. H. Edwards, 1870 TL: USA (Nv) M S1 S2 S3 L I1 I2 Ha Colias harfordii H. Edwards, 1877 Harford’s Sulphur TL: USA (Ca) M T S1 S2 L I1 I2 Ha Colias meadii W. H. Edwards, 1871 Mead's Sulphur TL: USA (Co) Colias meadii meadii W. H. Edwards, 1871 TL: USA (Co) M S L1 L2 L3 I Ha Colias meadii elis Strecker, 1885 TL: Canada (Ab) M S I Colias meadii lemhiensis N. Curtis & Ferris, 1985 TL: USA (Id) M T Colias johanseni Troubridge & Philip, 1990 Johansen's Sulphur Bernard Harbour, District of Mackenzie, Nunavut M T1 T2 Colias hecla Lefèbvre, 1836 Hecla Sulphur TL: Greenland Colias hecla hecla Lefèbvre, 1836 TL: Greenland M S L Ha Colias hecla hela Strecker, 1880 TL: Canada (Nu) M S1 S2 Colias hecla zamolodchikovi Churkin & Grieshuber, 2001 Seward Peninsula, AK, possibly E through Yukon & NWT M S Colias canadensis Ferris, 1982 Canadian Sulphur TL: Canada (BC) M S Ha Colias tyche (Böber, 1812) Booth's Sulphur TL: not specified Colias tyche kolosovae Churkin, Grieshuber, Bogdanov & Zamolodchikov, 2001 [olga is preoccupied] Seward Peninsula, AK M T Colias tyche thula Hovanitz, 1955 N slope Brooks Range, AK M S1 S2 Ha Colias tyche boothii J. Curtis, 1835 C Canadian Arctic M S1 S2 Ab Colias nastes Boisduval, 1832 Labrador Sulphur TL: Canada (NL) Colias nastes nastes Boisduval, 1832 Labrador M S Colias nastes moina Strecker, 1880 C Canadian Arctic M S1 S2 Colias nastes aliaska Bang-Haas, 1927 most of Alaska (except Seward Peninsula) and Yukon; blending with moina to E M S1 S2 S3 L I Ha Colias nastes dezhnevi Korshunov, 1995 Seward Peninsula, AK M S Colias nastes streckeri Grum-Grshimailo, 1895 N WA, N MT, ALTA, N BC M S1 S2 Colias scudderii Reakirt, 1865 Scudder's Sulphur TL: USA (Co) M T S1 S2 Ab L Ha Colias gigantea Strecker, 1900 Giant Sulphur TL: Csnada (Mt) Colias gigantea inupiat Harry, 2007 Alaskan North Slope, Dalton Highway M T1 T2 S L I Colias gigantea gigantea Strecker, 1900 TL: Csnada (Mt) M S L Ha Colias gigantea mayi F. Chermock & R. Chermock, 1940 TL: Csnada (Mt) M T S Colias gigantea harroweri Klots, 1940 [= kohleri; = gracemma] M S Ab L Colias pelidne Boisduval & Le Conte, [1830] Pelidne Sulphur TL: Canada (NL) M S L Colias skinneri W. Barnes, 1897 Pelidne Sulphur TL: USA (Wy) M S1 S2 L Ha Colias interior Scudder, 1862 Pink-edged Sulphur TL: Canada (Mt) M T S1 S2 S3 L Colias palaeno (Linnaeus, 1761) Palaeno Sulphur TL: not specified Colias palaeno chippewa W. H. Edwards, 1870 TL: Canada (NT) M S L I Ha Colias palaeno baffinensis Ebner & Ferris, [1978] TL: Canada (Nu) M S Colias behrii W. H. Edwards, 1866 Sierra Sulphur TL: USA (Ca) M T S L1 L2 Ha Colias ponteni Wallengren, 1860 TL: "USA (Hi)" M T Colias vauthierii Guérin-Méneville, [1830] TL: Chile M T Colias lesbia (Fabricius, 1775) TL: Argentina Colias lesbia lesbia (Fabricius, 1775) TL: Argentina M T Ab Colias lesbia mineira J. Zikán, 1940 TL: Brazil (MG) M T Colias lesbia andina Staudinger, 1894 TL: Bolivia M T Colias lesbia verhulsti Berger, 1983 TL: Peru Colias lesbia dinora W. F. Kirby, 1881 TL: Ecuador M T Colias euxanthe C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865 TL: Peru Colias euxanthe alticola Godman & Salvin, 1891 TL: Ecuador M T Colias euxanthe euxanthe C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865 TL: Peru M T Colias euxanthe hermina (A. Butler, 1871) TL: Peru M T Colias euxanthe stuebeli Reissinger, 1972 TL: Peru M T Colias flaveola Blanchard, 1852 TL: Chile Colias flaveola mossi Rothschild, 1913 TL: Peru M T Colias flaveola erika Lamas, 1981 TL: Peru M T Colias flaveola weberbaueri Strand, 1912 TL: Peru M T Colias flaveola blameyi Jörgensen, 1916 TL: Argentina M T Colias flaveola mendozina Breyer, 1939 TL: Argentina M T Colias flaveola flaveola Blanchard, 1852 TL: Chile Colias dimera E. Doubleday, 1847 TL: [Colombia] M T Zerene Hübner, [1819] Zerene cesonia (Stoll, 1790) Southern Dogface TL: USA (Ga) Zerene cesonia cynops (A. Butler, 1873) Hispaniola M T S1 S2 Zerene cesonia cesonia (Stoll, 1790) S USA (strays far N) to Colombia, Cuba M T S1 S2 S3 HS L1 L2 I1 I2 H Zerene cesonia patiensis Constantino, G. Rodríguez & Salazar, 2004 TL: Colombia Zerene cesonia boyacensis Le Crom, Winhard & Torres, 2004 TL: Colombia Zerene cesonia inca (Tessmann, 1928) TL: Peru M T S Zerene cesonia limonella Lamas, 1981 TL: Peru M T S Zerene cesonia therapis (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861) TL: Venezuela M T Zerene cesonia cesonides (Staudinger, 1894) TL: Bolivia M T S Zerene eurydice (Boisduval, 1855) California Dogface Baja California (N) to N California M T1 T2 S L1 L2 I Ha Anteos Hübner, [1819] Anteos maerula (Fabricius, 1775) Yellow Angled-Sulphur SW USA (strays), S TX to Peru, S FL, Bahamas, Gr. Antilles M T S1 S2 L I Ha Anteos clorinde (Godart, [1824]) White Angled-Sulphur SW USA (strays), S TX to Argentina, Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola M T S1 S2 L1 L2 I Anteos menippe (Hübner, [1818]) Orangetip Angled-Sulphur TL: ? M T S Prestonia Schaus, 1920 Prestonia clarki Schaus, 1920 West-Mexican Sulphur W Mexico (Sinaloa to Oaxaca) M T S L Phoebis Hübner, [1819] Phoebis sennae (Linnaeus, 1758) Cloudless Sulphur TL: [Jamaica] Phoebis sennae sennae (Linnaeus, 1758) Caribbean Islands, blends with eubule S FL M T S L I Phoebis sennae eubule (Linnaeus, 1767) SE USA (strays far N, NW) M T S HS L1 L2 I G Phoebis sennae marcellina (Cramer, 1777) SW USA (strays far N), S TX through Panama, most S. America M T S1 S2 HS L1 L2 I H Phoebis sennae amphitrite (Feisthamel, 1839) TL: Chile M T Phoebis bourkei (Dixey, 1933) TL: Ecuador M T Phoebis editha (A. Butler, 1870) Edith's Sulphur Hispaniola M T S Phoebis philea (Linnaeus, 1763) Orange-barred Sulphur TL: "Indiis" Phoebis philea philea (Linnaeus, 1763) SW USA (strays far N) to S Brazil, Gulf Coast to FL, P. Rico, etc. M T TI S1 S2 S3 Ab HS L1 L2 I Ha G Phoebis philea thalestris (Illiger, 1801) Hispaniola M S G Phoebis philea huebneri Fruhstorfer, 1907 Cuba [P. p. philea also in W Cuba, with intergrades] M S Phoebis avellaneda (Herrich-Schäffer, 1865) Orange-washed Sulphur Cuba M T S1 S2 G Phoebis neocypris (Hübner, [1823]) TL: ? Phoebis neocypris virgo (A. Butler, 1870) SE AZ & S TX (rare strays) to Brazil M T S1 S2 L I G Phoebis neocypris rurina (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861) TL: Venezuela; Colombia M T Phoebis neocypris [n. ssp.] Brévignon, MS French Guiana Phoebis neocypris neocypris (Hübner, [1823]) TL: ? M T S Phoebis argante (Fabricius, 1775) Dark Apricot Sulphur S Mexico to S Brazil, Trinidad Phoebis argante argante (Fabricius, 1775) TL: Brazil M T S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 S10 S11 S12 S13 S14 S15 S16 S17 L I1 I2 G Phoebis argante larra (Fabricius, 1798) TL: America Phoebis argante chincha Lamas, 1976 TL: Peru M T Phoebis argante minuscula (A. Butler, 1869) [= fornax], Cuba M T S Phoebis argante comstocki Avinoff, 1944 Jamaica M T S L Phoebis argante rorata (A. Butler, 1869) Hispaniola M T S1 S2 Phoebis argante martini W. Comstock, 1944 Puerto Rico M T S Phoebis agarithe (Boisduval, 1836) Large Orange Sulphur TL: Mexico Phoebis agarithe fisheri (H. Edwards, 1883) Baja California M S L Phoebis agarithe agarithe (Boisduval, 1836) S W USA (strays far N), S TX to Peru; Galapagos Is., Hawaii M T S1 S2 S3 L1 L2 I1 I2 I3 H Phoebis agarithe maxima (Neumoegen, 1891) Florida M T S L Phoebis agarithe antillia F. Brown, 1929 Bahamas, Greater & Lesser Antilles M T S L G Phoebis agarithe pupillata Dillon, 1947 Windward Islands, at least Guadeloupe to at least St. Lucia and Barbados M T S Phoebis agarithe tumbesina Lamas, 1981 TL: Peru M T Rhabdodryas Godman & Salvin, 1889 Rhabdodryas trite (Linnaeus, 1758) TL: "Calidioribus regionibus" Rhabdodryas trite northern segregate , E & W Mexico to Panama M T S L I H G Rhabdodryas trite watsoni (F. Brown, 1929) Hispaniola, P. Rico, St. Kitts, Montserrat, Guad. to St. Vincent M T S Rhabdodryas trite trite (Linnaeus, 1758) TL: "Calidioribus regionibus" M T S Rhabdodryas trite banksi (Breyer, 1939) TL: Brazil (SC) M T S Aphrissa A. Butler, 1873 Aphrissa boisduvalii (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861) Boisduval's Sulphur E & S Mexico to W Peru M T1 T2 S1 S2 Aphrissa schausi (Avinoff, 1926) Schaus' Sulphur [taxonomic status uncertain] S Mexico and Guatemala M T1 T2 S1 S2 Aphrissa wallacei (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1862) Wallace's Sulphur ([= fluminensis] Costa Rica to Argentina) M T1 T2 S1 S2 Aphrissa statira (Cramer, 1777) Statira Sulphur TL: "Coromandel; Tranquebar" Aphrissa statira statira (Cramer, 1777) S TX (strays N), E & W Mexico to Argentina, Lesser Antilles M T1 T2 OI TI S1 S2 S3 S4 IL L I G Aphrissa statira floridensis (Neumoegen, 1891) Florida M T S1 S2 L H Aphrissa statira cubana R.F. d'Almeida, 1939 Cuba, Cayman Islands, Jamaica M T S Aphrissa statira hispaniolae (Munroe, 1947) Hispaniola M T S Aphrissa neleis (Boisduval, 1836) Pink-spot Sulphur Cuba, Isla de Juventud, New Providence, N & S Andros, S FL M T S1 S2 IL L1 L2 G Aphrissa godartiana (Swainson, 1821) Godart's Sulphur TL: ? Aphrissa godartiana godartiana (Swainson, 1821) Hispaniola M T OI S1 S2 IL G Aphrissa godartiana hartonia (A. Butler, 1870) Jamaica M T S IL G Aphrissa orbis (Poey, 1832) Orbis Sulphur TL: Cuba Aphrissa orbis orbis (Poey, 1832) S FL (rare stray), Cuba, Isla de Juventud, Cayman Brac M T S IL G Aphrissa orbis browni (Munroe, 1947) Hispaniola M T S IL Subfamily Pierinae Tribe Anthocharidini Anthocharis Boisduval, Rambur & Graslin, [1833] Anthocharis cethura C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865 Desert Orangetip TL: [USA (Ca)] Anthocharis cethura catalina Meadows, 1937 TL: USA (Ca) M T Anthocharis cethura cethura C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865 TL: [USA (Ca)] M T S1 S2 S3 L Anthocharis cethura morrisoni W. H. Edwards, 1881 TL: USA (Ca) M S L I H Ha Anthocharis cethura hadromarmorata J. Emmel, T. Emmel & Mattoon, 1998 TL: USA (Nv) M T1 T2 S L Anthocharis cethura mojavensis J. Emmel, T. Emmel & Mattoon, 1998 TL: USA (Ca) M T S L I1 I2 I3 H Ha Anthocharis cethura pima W. H. Edwards, 1888 TL: USA (Az) M T S L I F Anthocharis cethura bajacalifornica J. Emmel, T. Emmel & Mattoon, 1998 TL: Mexico (BCN) M T S I H Ha Anthocharis sara Lucas, 1852 Sara Orangetip TL: USA (Ca) Anthocharis sara Isla de Cedros segregate , Isla de Cedros, Baja California, Mexico M S1 S2 I Ha Anthocharis sara gunderi Ingham, 1933 TL: USA (Ca) M T S L Ha Anthocharis sara sara Lucas, 1852 TL: USA (Ca) M T1 T2 S1 S2 Ab Hy L1 L2 L3 L4 I H Ha Anthocharis sara sempervirens J. Emmel, T. Emmel & Mattoon, 2008 TL: USA (Ca) M T Anthocharis sara flora W. G. Wright, 1892 TL: USA (Wa) M T S1 S2 Anthocharis sara alaskensis Gunder, 1932 TL: USA (Ak) M S Anthocharis sara stella W. H. Edwards, 1879 TL: USA (Nv) M T S1 S2 L Anthocharis sara sulfuris Pelham, 2008 [= columbia] M S1 S2 L I Ha Anthocharis sara browningi Skinner, 1906 TL: USA (Ut) M T S L I Anthocharis sara julia W. H. Edwards, 1872 TL: USA (Co) M S1 S2 L Ha Anthocharis sara prestonorum Stout, 2012 W & SW CO, W of the divide M T Anthocharis sara colorado Scott & M. Fisher, 2008 SW CO, SE UT, NW NM, [NE AZ] M T S Anthocharis sara coriande M. Fisher & Scott, 2008 N NM, far S-central CO M T S Anthocharis sara inghami Gunder, 1932 TL: USA (Az) M T S Ab L I H Anthocharis sara thoosa (Scudder, 1878) TL: USA (Az) M T S L I Ha Anthocharis sara pseudothoosa Austin, 1998 TL: USA (Nv) M T S L Ha Anthocharis midea (Hübner, [1809]) Falcate Orangetip TL: USA (Ga) Anthocharis midea texana Gatrelle, 1998 [far NE TAMPS] M T1 T2 S L I1 I2 H Anthocharis midea annickae dos Passos & Klots, 1969 TL: USA (Ct) M S1 S2 L1 L2 L3 L4 I H Anthocharis midea midea (Hübner, [1809]) TL: USA (Ga) M T S1 S2 Anthocharis limonea (A. Butler, 1871) Mexican Orangetip E & C Mexico M T S L I Ha Anthocharis lanceolata Lucas, 1852 Gray Marble SW OR, N CA, far W NV, S through Sierra Nevada Anthocharis lanceolata lanceolata Lucas, 1852 SW OR, N CA, far W NV, S through Sierra Nevada M T S L I Ha Anthocharis lanceolata australis (F. Grinnell, 1908) S CA Ranges, treatment of A. australis as a species follows Back 2010 M T S L I Ha Anthocharis lanceolata desertolimbus J. Emmel, T. Emmel & Mattoon, 1998 W edge Colorado Desert (Palm Spgs. area S to N BC) M T S Hy L I H Ha Euchloe Hübner, [1819] Euchloe naina Kozhanchikov, 1923 Arctic Marble TL: not specified Euchloe naina jakutia Back, 1991 TL: Russia M S1 S2 L Ha Euchloe ausonides (Lucas, 1852) Large Marble TL: USA (Ca) Euchloe ausonides ogilvia Back, 1991 TL: Canada (Yt) M S L Euchloe ausonides insulanus C. Guppy & J. Shepard, 2001 Puget Sound, WA, [BC] M T L Euchloe ausonides transmontana Austin & J. Emmel, 1998 CA Sierra Nevada to W UT, N CA, OR, E WA, S BC, W ID M T S L I Ha Euchloe ausonides ausonides (Lucas, 1852) W CA (esp. Bay area), low elevations M T S1 S2 L Euchloe ausonides palaeoreios K. Johnson, 1976 TL: USA (SD) M T Ha Euchloe ausonides coloradensis (H. Edwards, 1881) TL: USA (Co) M S1 S2 L1 L2 L3 I H Ha Euchloe ausonides mayi F. Chermock & R. Chermock, 1940 TL: Canada (Mt) M T S Euchloe olympia (W. H. Edwards, 1871) Olympia Marble S ALTA to NE NM & C TX, prairies E to S ONT + Appalachians Euchloe olympia olympia (W. H. Edwards, 1871) TL: USA (WV) M S1 S2 Ab L Ha Euchloe olympia Great Lakes dunes segregate , dunes bordering Great Lakes (WI, IL, IN, MI) M S L Euchloe guaymasensis Opler, 1987 Sonoran Marble N & C Sonora, rarely in SE AZ (Cochise Co.) M T S L I Euchloe lotta Beutenmüller, 1898 Desert Marble SE BC, S to E CA, AZ, N SON-CHIH, far W TX, W NM, N to W MT M T S1 S2 L1 L2 I Ha Euchloe hyantis (W. H. Edwards, 1871) California Marble TL: USA (Ca) Euchloe hyantis andrewsi Martin, 1958 San Bernardino Mts., CA M T1 T2 S Euchloe hyantis hyantis (W. H. Edwards, 1871) SW OR (NW Siskiyous), W CA to Baja California (N) M S1 S2 L Ha Euchloe hyantis Illinois Valley segregate , Illinois Valley, Josephine Co., OR M S Euchloe creusa (E. Doubleday, [1847]) Northern Marble TL: Canada (Ab) Euchloe creusa creusa (E. Doubleday, [1847]) N MT (vic. Glacier NP), E BC, W ALTA, N to Arctic M S L Ha Eroessa E. Doubleday, 1847 Eroessa chiliensis (Guérin-Méneville, [1830]) TL: Chile Cunizza Grote, 1900 Cunizza hirlanda (Stoll, 1790) TL: "Bengale" Cunizza hirlanda hirlanda (Stoll, 1790) TL: "Bengale" M T Cunizza hirlanda apicalis (Fruhstorfer, 1907) TL: Ecuador M T Cunizza hirlanda fulvinota (A. Butler, 1871) TL: Brazil (RJ) M T Cunizza hirlanda helvia (Latreille, [1813]) TL: ["Mexico"] M T Cunizza hirlanda minturna Fruhstorfer, 1910 TL: Venezuela M T Cunizza hirlanda ninguida (Fruhstorfer, 1907) TL: Peru M T Cunizza hirlanda planasia Fruhstorfer, 1910 TL: Brazil (MT) M T Cunizza hirlanda praeclara (Fruhstorfer, 1907) TL: Brazil (ES) M T Cunizza hirlanda serda (Fruhstorfer, 1907) TL: Colombia M T Hesperocharis C. Felder, 1862 Hesperocharis anguitia (Godart, 1819) TL: Brazil Hesperocharis anguitia anguitia (Godart, 1819) TL: Brazil M T Hesperocharis anguitia giesekingi Breyer, 1960 TL: Argentina M T Hesperocharis costaricensis H. Bates, 1866 Costa Rican White TL: Costa Rica Hesperocharis costaricensis costaricensis H. Bates, 1866 Nicaragua to Panama M T S Hesperocharis costaricensis pasion (Reakirt, [1867]) E & W Mexico to Guatemala (at least) M T S1 S2 L Hesperocharis crocea H. Bates, 1866 Orange White TL: Costa Rica Hesperocharis crocea crocea H. Bates, 1866 E Mexico to Panama M T S Hesperocharis crocea idiotica (A. Butler, 1869) TL: ? M T Hesperocharis crocea jaliscana Schaus, 1898 W Mexico (Nayarit to Guerrero) M T S L Hesperocharis crocea [n. ssp.] Lamas, MS Peru Hesperocharis emeris (Boisduval, 1836) TL: Brazil M T Hesperocharis erota (Lucas, 1852) TL: "Colombia?" M T Hesperocharis graphites H. Bates, 1864 Marbled White TL: Guatemala Hesperocharis graphites graphites H. Bates, 1864 Chiapas to Panama M T S1 S2 L Hesperocharis graphites avivolans (A. Butler, 1865) E, W & S Mexico (to Oaxaca) M T S L1 L2 Hesperocharis leucania (Boisduval, 1836) TL: Brazil M T Hesperocharis marchalii (Guérin-Méneville, [1844]) TL: Colombia M T Hesperocharis nera (Hewitson, 1852) TL: Ecuador Hesperocharis nera nera (Hewitson, 1852) TL: Ecuador M T Hesperocharis nera aida Fruhstorfer, 1908 TL: Peru M T Hesperocharis nera amazonica Fruhstorfer, 1907 TL: Peru M T Hesperocharis nera lamonti Kaye, 1920 TL: Trinidad M T Hesperocharis nera nereis C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865 TL: Colombia M T Hesperocharis nera nerida J. Zikán, 1940 TL: Brazil (Am) M T Hesperocharis nera nymphaea Möschler, 1876 TL: Surinam M T Hesperocharis nereina Hopffer, 1874 TL: Peru M T Hesperocharis paranensis Schaus, 1898 TL: Brazil (Pr) Hesperocharis paranensis paranensis Schaus, 1898 TL: Brazil (Pr) M T Hesperocharis paranensis infrasignata Breyer, 1939 TL: Argentina M T Hesperocharis [n. sp.] Lamas, MS Colombia Mathania Oberthür, 1890 Mathania agasicles (Hewitson, 1874) TL: Bolivia Mathania agasicles agasicles (Hewitson, 1874) TL: Bolivia M T Mathania agasicles gaujoni (Dognin, 1887) TL: Ecuador M T Mathania agasicles [n. ssp.#1] Lamas, MS TL: Peru Mathania agasicles [n. ssp.#2] Lamas, MS TL: Peru Mathania aureomaculata (Dognin, 1888) TL: Ecuador Mathania aureomaculata aureomaculata (Dognin, 1888) TL: Ecuador M T Mathania aureomaculata esther Oberthür, 1890 TL: Peru M T Mathania aureomaculata pallida Röber, 1909 TL: Peru M T Mathania aureomaculata [n. ssp.] Lamas, MS Peru Mathania carrizoi Giacomelli, 1914 TL: Argentina M T Mathania leucothea (J. Molina, 1782) TL: Chile M T Mathania [n. sp.] Lamas, MS Peru Tribe Pierini Ascia Scopoli, 1777 Ascia monuste (Linnaeus, 1764) Great Southern White TL: "exteris Terris" Ascia monuste monuste (Linnaeus, 1764) SW USA (strays), W Mexico & S TX to N S. Am; S Lesser Antilles M T S1 S2 L1 L2 L3 I H Ascia monuste automate (Burmeister, 1878) TL: Argentina M T Ascia monuste eubotea (Godart, 1819) Cuba, Hispaniola to Virgin Islands M T S L I Ascia monuste orseis (Godart, 1819) TL: Brazil M T L Ascia monuste phileta (Fabricius, 1775) SE USA (strays N), N Bahamas, (possibly sporadic on Cuba) M S L I Ascia monuste raza Klots, 1930 Baja California Sur M T S Ascia monuste suasa (Boisduval, 1836) TL: "Chile" M T Ascia monuste virginia (Godart, 1819) Lesser Antilles between (not incl.) Virgin Islands and St. Vincent M T S Ganyra Billberg, 1820 Ganyra howarthi (Dixey, 1915) Howarth's White S AZ (as stray), NW Mexico (SIN, SON, BC, BCS) M T S1 S2 L Ganyra josephina (Godart, 1819) Giant White TL: ? Ganyra josephina josepha (Salvin & Godman, 1868) S TX (strays N), E & W Mexico to Panama M T S1 S2 L1 L2 I Ganyra josephina janeta (Dixey, 1915) TL: [Venezuela] M T Ganyra josephina josephina (Godart, 1819) Hispaniola M T S Ganyra josephina krugii (Dewitz, 1877) Puerto Rico & Mona M T L Ganyra josephina paramaryllis (W. Comstock, 1943) Jamaica M S Ganyra menciae (Ramsden, [1914]) Cuban White Cuba, St. Lucia M T S Ganyra phaloe (Godart, 1819) TL: Brazil Ganyra phaloe phaloe (Godart, 1819) TL: Brazil M T Ganyra phaloe amphissa (Fruhstorfer, 1907) TL: Bolivia M T Ganyra phaloe confusa Llorente, Le Crom & Torres, 2004 TL: Colombia Ganyra phaloe diana (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861) TL: Colombia M T Ganyra phaloe endeis (Godart, 1819) TL: Brazil M T Ganyra phaloe imperator (W. F. Kirby, 1881) TL: Ecuador M T Ganyra phaloe lamonti (Kaye, 1919) TL: Trinidad M T Ganyra phaloe limona (Schaus, 1913) Costa Rica to Colombia M T S I Ganyra phaloe sevata (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861) TL: Venezuela M T Ganyra phaloe sincera (Weymer, 1890) TL: Ecuador M T Ganyra phaloe sublineata (Schaus, 1902) TL: Peru M T Ganyra phaloe tiburtia (Fruhstorfer, 1907) E & S Mexico to El Salvador M T S L Ganyra phaloe [n. ssp.] Lamas, MS Peru Tatochila A. Butler, 1870 Tatochila autodice (Hübner, 1818) TL: Paraguay Tatochila autodice autodice (Hübner, 1818) TL: Paraguay M T Tatochila autodice blanchardii A. Butler, 1881 TL: Chile M T Tatochila autodice ernestae Herrera, 1954 TL: Chile Tatochila distincta Jörgensen, 1916 TL: Argentina Tatochila distincta distincta Jörgensen, 1916 TL: Argentina M T Tatochila distincta fieldi Herrera, 1970 TL: Chile M T Tatochila homoeodice Paravicini, 1910 TL: Peru M T Tatochila inversa Hayward, 1949 TL: Argentina Tatochila inversa inversa Hayward, 1949 TL: Argentina M T Tatochila inversa razmilici Herrera, 1970 TL: Chile M T Tatochila mariae Herrera, 1970 TL: Chile M T Tatochila mercedis (Eschscholtz, 1821) TL: Chile Tatochila mercedis mercedis (Eschscholtz, 1821) TL: Chile M T Tatochila mercedis arctodice Staudinger, 1899 TL: Ecuador M T Tatochila mercedis fueguensis W. D. Field, 1959 TL: Argentina M T Tatochila mercedis macrodice Staudinger, 1899 TL: Bolivia M T Tatochila mercedis sterodice Staudinger, 1899 TL: Chile M T Tatochila mercedis vanvolxemii (Capronnier, 1874) TL: Argentina M T Tatochila orthodice (Weymer, 1890) TL: Bolivia Tatochila orthodice orthodice (Weymer, 1890) TL: Bolivia M T Tatochila orthodice carabaya Ackery, 1975 TL: Peru M T Tatochila orthodice [n. ssp.] Lamas, MS Peru Tatochila sagittata Röber, 1908 TL: Peru Tatochila sagittata sagittata Röber, 1908 TL: Peru M T Tatochila sagittata herrerai Lamas, 1981 TL: Peru M T Tatochila stigmadice (Staudinger, 1894) TL: Bolivia M T Tatochila theodice (Boisduval, 1832) TL: [Chile] Tatochila theodice theodice (Boisduval, 1832) TL: [Chile] M T Tatochila theodice gymnodice Staudinger, 1899 TL: Chile M T Tatochila xanthodice (Lucas, 1852) TL: Venezuela; "Peru" Tatochila xanthodice xanthodice (Lucas, 1852) TL: Venezuela; "Peru" M T Tatochila xanthodice nigrisulphurata Le Crom, Torres & Salazar, 2004 TL: Colombia Tatochila xanthodice paramosa Ackery, 1975 TL: Colombia M T Tatochila xanthodice paucar Lamas, 1981 TL: Peru M T Tatochila xanthodice pyrrhomma Röber, 1908 TL: Peru M T Reliquia Ackery, 1975 Reliquia santamarta Ackery, 1975 TL: Colombia M T Theochila W. D. Field, 1958 Theochila maenacte (Boisduval, 1836) TL: Paraguay Theochila maenacte maenacte (Boisduval, 1836) TL: Paraguay M T Theochila maenacte itatiayae (Foetterle, 1902) TL: Brazil (RJ) M T Piercolias Staudinger, 1894 Piercolias coropunae (Dyar, 1913) TL: Peru M T Piercolias forsteri W. D. Field & Herrera, 1977 TL: Bolivia M T Piercolias huanaco (Staudinger, 1894) TL: Bolivia M T Pierphulia W. D. Field, 1958 Pierphulia isabela W. D. Field & Herrera, 1977 TL: Chile M T Pierphulia nysias (Weymer, 1890) TL: Bolivia M T Pierphulia rosea (Ureta, 1956) TL: Chile Pierphulia rosea rosea (Ureta, 1956) TL: Chile Pierphulia rosea annamariea W. D. Field & Herrera, 1977 TL: Bolivia M T Pierphulia rosea maria W. D. Field & Herrera, 1977 TL: Chile M T Hypsochila Ureta, 1955 Hypsochila argyrodice (Staudinger, 1899) TL: Argentina M T Hypsochila galactodice Ureta, 1955 TL: Chile Hypsochila huemul L. Peña, 1964 TL: Chile M T Hypsochila microdice (Blanchard, 1852) TL: Chile M T Hypsochila penai Ureta, 1955 TL: Chile Hypsochila wagenknechti (Ureta, 1938) TL: Chile Hypsochila wagenknechti wagenknechti (Ureta, 1938) TL: Chile Hypsochila wagenknechti sulfurodice Ureta, 1955 TL: Chile Hypsochila [n. sp.] Lamas, MS Peru Infraphulia W. D. Field, 1958 Infraphulia illimani (Weymer, 1890) TL: Bolivia M T Infraphulia ilyodes (Ureta, 1955) TL: Chile Infraphulia madeleinea W. D. Field & Herrera, 1977 TL: Peru M T L Phulia Herrich-Schäffer, 1867 Phulia garleppi W. D. Field & Herrera, 1977 TL: Peru Phulia garleppi garleppi W. D. Field & Herrera, 1977 TL: Peru Phulia garleppi [n. ssp.] Lamas, MS Peru Phulia nannophyes Dyar, 1913 TL: Peru Phulia nannophyes nannophyes Dyar, 1913 TL: Peru M T Phulia nannophyes galera Lamas, 1981 TL: Peru Phulia nymphula (Blanchard, 1852) TL: Chile Phulia nymphula nymphula (Blanchard, 1852) TL: Chile M T Phulia nymphula nympha Staudinger, 1894 TL: Bolivia M T Phulia paranympha Staudinger, 1894 TL: Bolivia M T Pontia Fabricius, 1807 Pontia beckerii (W. H. Edwards, 1871) Becker's White BC to Baja C. Sur, N AZ, N NM, CO, WY, S & W MT; basins M T S1 S2 L1 L2 I H Pontia protodice (Boisduval & Le Conte, [1830]) Checkered White widespread across N America to S Mexico; Cuba. Vagrant N M T S L1 L2 L3 I H Pontia occidentalis (Reakirt, 1866) Western White TL: USA (Co) Pontia occidentalis occidentalis (Reakirt, 1866) BC to CA (S Sierra), W to N NM, N to MAN, SASK, ALTA M S1 S2 L1 L2 L3 I Ha Pontia occidentalis nelsoni (W. H. Edwards, 1883) Alaska M S L Pontia sisymbrii (Boisduval, 1852) Spring White TL: USA (Ca) Pontia sisymbrii sisymbrii (Boisduval, 1852) Baja California, N along Sierra Nevada-Cascades to W-C OR M T S L I Ha Pontia sisymbrii nigravenosa Austin & J. Emmel, 1998 Mojave Desert: SE CA, W AZ, S NV, SW UT M T1 T2 L Pontia sisymbrii transversa R. Holland, 1995 S AZ, S NM, W TX, N SON, N CHIH M T S L I Pontia sisymbrii elivata (W. Barnes & Benjamin, 1926) SE OR to C NV, E to CO, N NM M S1 S2 L I Pontia sisymbrii nordini (K. Johnson, 1977) W NE, E WY, W SD, E MT M S Pontia sisymbrii flavitincta (J. A. Comstock, 1924) S BC to NE OR, E to NW WY, W MT, S ALTA M T S L Pontia sisymbrii beringiensis C. Guppy & Kondla, 2001 N BC-S YK M S Pieris Schrank, 1801 Pieris angelika Eitschberger, [1984] Arctic White C AK to YK & N BC M T S1 S2 S3 L Ha Pieris marginalis Scudder, 1861 Margined White TL: USA (Wa) Pieris marginalis pseudobryoniae W. Barnes & McDunnough, 1916 TL: USA (Ak) Pieris marginalis shapiroi Eitschberger, [1984] TL: USA (Ak) Pieris marginalis hulda W. H. Edwards, 1869 AK coast from Kodiak Island to Aleutian Islands M S L Pieris marginalis meckyae Eitschberger, [1984] S-central AK (e.g., Anchorage to Palmer) M S Pieris marginalis guppyi Eitschberger, [1984] TL: USA (Ak) Pieris marginalis tremblayi Eitschberger, [1984] TL: USA (Ak), Canada (BC) Pieris marginalis reicheli Eitschberger, [1984] Rocky Mts. Of BC, ALTA, N ID, N MT M S L Pieris marginalis marginalis Scudder, 1861 W OR (N of Siskiyous), W Cascades to coast, N to SW BC M S1 S2 L Ha Pieris marginalis sequoia J. Emmel, T. Emmel & Mattoon, 1998 N CA coast: redwood forests Humboldt Co. (vic. Prairie Ck. S.P.) M T1 T2 S Pieris marginalis venosa Scudder, 1861 much of W CA M S L1 L2 Pieris marginalis castoria Reakirt, 1866 Siskiyou Mts. (SW OR, NW CA), W Sierra Nevada M T S L I Pieris marginalis Warner Mts. segregate , Warner Mts., Lake Co. OR - Modoc Co. CA M S Pieris marginalis ziegleri Eitschberger, 1991 NW WY, W MT, ID, E WA, NE OR M S1 S2 L Pieris marginalis pallidissima W. Barnes & McDunnough, 1916 W CO, UT, far NW AZ, NE NV, S ID, SW WY; bivoltine M S L I Ha Pieris marginalis macdunnoughii C. Remington, 1954 [= macdunnoughii], CO, S WY, N NM; univoltine M S L Ha Pieris marginalis mogollon Burdick, 1942 White Mts. (AZ) & Mogollon Rim (NM) M T S L1 L2 I H Pieris oleracea (T. Harris, 1829) Mustard White TL: USA (Ma/NH) Pieris oleracea oleracea (T. Harris, 1829) TL: USA (Ma/NH) M S1 S2 L Pieris oleracea frigida Scudder, 1861 TL: Canada (NL) M S Pieris virginiensis W. H. Edwards, 1870 West Virginia White TL: USA (WV) Pieris virginiensis virginiensis W. H. Edwards, 1870 TL: USA (WV) M S L Pieris virginiensis hyatti Eitschberger, [1984] TL: Canada (On) M S Ha Pieris rapae (Linnaeus, 1758) Cabbage White TL: Sweden Pieris rapae rapae (Linnaeus, 1758) widespread across N America to C Mexico, Hawaii; introduced M T S HS L1 L2 I H Pieris brassicae (Linnaeus, 1758) TL: not specified M T Glennia Klots, 1933 Glennia pylotis (Godart, 1819) TL: Brazil M T Leptophobia A. Butler, 1870 Leptophobia aripa (Boisduval, 1836) TL: Venezuela Leptophobia aripa aripa (Boisduval, 1836) TL: Venezuela M T Leptophobia aripa balidia (Boisduval, 1836) TL: Brazil M T Leptophobia aripa elodia (Boisduval, 1836) S TX (rare stray), E & W Mexico to Panama M T S L I Leptophobia aripa elodina (Röber, 1908) TL: Bolivia M T Leptophobia caesia (Lucas, 1852) TL: Ecuador Leptophobia caesia caesia (Lucas, 1852) TL: Ecuador M T Leptophobia caesia phanokia Fruhstorfer, 1907 TL: Colombia M T Leptophobia caesia tenuicornis A. Butler & H. Druce, 1872 Costa Rica & Panama M T S L Leptophobia caesia [n. ssp.] Lamas, MS Colombia Leptophobia cinerea (Hewitson, 1867) TL: Ecuador Leptophobia cinerea cinerea (Hewitson, 1867) TL: Ecuador M T Leptophobia cinerea menthe (Hopffer, 1874) TL: Peru M T Leptophobia diaguita Jörgensen, 1916 TL: Argentina Leptophobia diaguita diaguita Jörgensen, 1916 TL: Argentina M T Leptophobia diaguita latifascia Joicey & Talbot, 1928 TL: Peru; Ecuador M T Leptophobia diaguita mandor Lamas, 2003 TL: Peru Leptophobia eleone (E. Doubleday, 1847) TL: [Colombia] Leptophobia eleone eleone (E. Doubleday, 1847) TL: [Colombia] M T Leptophobia eleone luca Fruhstorfer, 1907 TL: Bolivia M T Leptophobia eleone denigrata Le Crom, Andrade & Winhard, 2004 TL: Colombia Leptophobia eleusis (Lucas, 1852) TL: Colombia Leptophobia eleusis eleusis (Lucas, 1852) TL: Colombia M T L Leptophobia eleusis mollitica Fruhstorfer, 1908 TL: Peru M T Leptophobia eleusis [n. ssp.] Lamas, MS Peru Leptophobia erinna (Hopffer, 1874) TL: Peru M T Leptophobia eucosma (Erschoff, 1875) TL: Peru Leptophobia eucosma eucosma (Erschoff, 1875) TL: Peru M T Leptophobia eucosma euremoides Röber, 1908 TL: Peru M T Leptophobia eucosma [n. ssp.#1] Lamas, MS TL: Peru Leptophobia eucosma [n. ssp.#2] Lamas, MS TL: Peru Leptophobia forsteri Baumann & Reissinger, 1969 TL: Peru M T Leptophobia gonzaga Fruhstorfer, 1908 TL: Ecuador Leptophobia gonzaga sotara Lamas, G. Rodríguez & Constantino, 2004 TL: Colombia Leptophobia gonzaga gonzaga Fruhstorfer, 1908 TL: Ecuador M T Leptophobia gonzaga [n. ssp.] Lamas, MS Ecuador Leptophobia helena (Lucas, 1852) TL: Ecuador Leptophobia helena helena (Lucas, 1852) TL: Ecuador M T Leptophobia helena doubledayi Röber, 1908 TL: Bolivia M T Leptophobia helena hughesi Lamas, 2003 TL: Peru Leptophobia helena smithii (W. F. Kirby, 1881) TL: Ecuador M T Leptophobia helena [n. ssp.#1] Lamas, MS TL: Colombia Leptophobia helena [n. ssp.#2] Lamas, MS TL: Ecuador Leptophobia micaia Lamas, Pyrcz & G. Rodríguez, 2004 TL: Colombia M T Leptophobia nephthis (Hopffer, 1874) TL: Bolivia; Peru M T Leptophobia olympia (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861) TL: "Venezuela" Leptophobia olympia olympia (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861) TL: "Venezuela" M T L Leptophobia olympia potoniei Baumann & Reissinger, 1969 TL: Peru M T Leptophobia olympia [n. ssp.] Lamas, MS Peru Leptophobia penthica (Kollar, 1850) TL: Colombia Leptophobia penthica penthica (Kollar, 1850) TL: Colombia M T Leptophobia penthica basiliola Fruhstorfer, 1908 TL: "Bolivia" M T Leptophobia penthica semicaesia (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865) TL: Colombia M T Leptophobia penthica stamnata (Lucas, 1852) TL: Venezuela M T Leptophobia penthica [n. ssp.#1] Lamas, MS TL: Ecuador Leptophobia penthica [n. ssp.#2] Lamas, MS TL: Peru Leptophobia penthica [n. ssp.#3] Lamas, MS TL: Peru Leptophobia penthica [n. ssp.#4] Lamas, MS TL: Peru Leptophobia penthica [n. ssp.#5] Lamas, MS TL: Bolivia Leptophobia philoma (Hewitson, 1870) TL: Ecuador Leptophobia philoma philoma (Hewitson, 1870) TL: Ecuador M T Leptophobia philoma pastaza (Joicey & Talbot, 1928) TL: Ecuador M T Leptophobia philoma subargentea A. Butler, 1898 TL: Peru M T L Leptophobia philoma intermedia Llorente & Le Crom, 2004 TL: Colombia Leptophobia philoma pseudopenthica Le Crom & Llorente, 2004 TL: Colombia Leptophobia philoma [n. ssp.] Lamas, MS Peru Leptophobia pinara (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865) TL: Colombia Leptophobia pinara pinara (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865) TL: Colombia M T L Leptophobia pinara [n. ssp.] Lamas, MS Peru Leptophobia tovaria (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861) TL: Venezuela Leptophobia tovaria Panama segregate , Panama M S Leptophobia tovaria tovaria (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861) TL: Venezuela M T Leptophobia tovaria gina Fruhstorfer, 1908 TL: Peru M T Leptophobia tovaria maruga Fruhstorfer, 1907 TL: Ecuador M T L Leptophobia tovaria subflavescens (W. F. Kirby, 1887) TL: Colombia M T Leptophobia tovaria sanctipetri Andrade, Le Crom & Winhard, 2004 TL: Colombia Leptophobia tovaria pseudolympia Le Crom, Llorente & Salazar, 2004 TL: Colombia Leptophobia tovaria [n. ssp.#1] Lamas, MS TL: Panama Leptophobia tovaria [n. ssp.#2] Lamas, MS TL: Bolivia Leptophobia tovaria [n. ssp.#3] Lamas, MS TL: Argentina Leptophobia [n. sp.#1] Lamas, MS TL: not specified Leptophobia [n. sp.#1] [n. ssp.#1] Lamas, MS TL: Venezuela Leptophobia [n. sp.#1] [n. ssp.#2] Lamas, MS TL: Colombia Leptophobia [n. sp.#1] [n. ssp.#3] Lamas, MS TL: Ecuador Leptophobia [n. sp.#1] [n. ssp.#4] Lamas, MS TL: Peru Leptophobia [n. sp.#2] Lamas, MS TL: Peru Itaballia Kaye, 1904 Itaballia demophile (Linnaeus, 1763) TL: "Indiis" Itaballia demophile demophile (Linnaeus, 1763) TL: "Indiis" Itaballia demophile calydonia (Boisduval, 1836) TL: Colombia M T Itaballia demophile centralis Joicey & Talbot, 1928 S TX (one-time stray), E & S Mexico to Panama M T S1 S2 L I Itaballia demophile charopus (Fruhstorfer, 1907) TL: Brazil (Am) M T Itaballia demophile huebneri (Fruhstorfer, 1907) TL: [Brazil] Itaballia demophile lucania (Fruhstorfer, 1907) TL: Peru M T Itaballia demophile nimietes (Fruhstorfer, 1907) TL: Brazil (Ba) M T Itaballia demophile niphates (Fruhstorfer, 1907) TL: Brazil (Pa) M T Itaballia demophile niseias (Fruhstorfer, 1907) TL: Paraguay M T Itaballia marana (E. Doubleday, 1844) TL: [Ecuador] M T Itaballia pandosia (Hewitson, 1853) TL: Venezuela Itaballia pandosia pandosia (Hewitson, 1853) TL: Venezuela M T Itaballia pandosia kicaha (Reakirt, 1863) S Mexico to Panama M T S L Ha Itaballia pandosia pisonis (Hewitson, 1861) TL: "[Upper] Amazon"; Colombia M T Itaballia pandosia sabata (Fruhstorfer, 1907) SE Panama, W Colombia M T S L Pieriballia Klots, 1933 Pieriballia viardi (Boisduval, 1836) Viardi White TL: Mexico Pieriballia viardi viardi (Boisduval, 1836) S TX (rare stray), E & W Mexico to Honduras M T S1 S2 Ab L1 L2 Pieriballia viardi apicalis (A. Butler, 1898) TL: Ecuador M T Pieriballia viardi decorata (Joicey & Talbot, 1928) TL: Peru M T Pieriballia viardi interposita (Joicey & Talbot, 1928) TL: Peru M T Pieriballia viardi locusta (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861) TL: Colombia M T Pieriballia viardi mandela (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861) TL: Venezuela M T Pieriballia viardi molione (Fruhstorfer, 1908) TL: Paraguay M T Pieriballia viardi noctipennis (A. Butler & H. Druce, 1872) Costa Rica & Panama M T S L I Pieriballia viardi rubecula (Fruhstorfer, 1907) TL: Peru M T Pieriballia viardi tithoreides (A. Butler, 1898) TL: Ecuador M T Perrhybris Hübner, [1819] Perrhybris lorena (Hewitson, 1852) TL: Ecuador M T Perrhybris lypera (Kollar, 1850) TL: Colombia Perrhybris lypera lypera (Kollar, 1850) TL: Colombia M T Perrhybris lypera septentrionalis Röber, 1928 Guatemala to Panama M T S Perrhybris lypera sulphuralis (A. Butler, 1896) TL: Colombia M T Perrhybris pamela (Stoll, 1780) TL: Surinam Perrhybris pamela pamela (Stoll, 1780) TL: Surinam Perrhybris pamela alethina (A. Butler, 1872) Costa Rica & Panama M T S1 S2 I Perrhybris pamela amazonica Fruhstorfer, 1907 TL: Peru M T Perrhybris pamela bertha Lamas, 1981 TL: Peru Perrhybris pamela bogotana (A. Butler, 1898) TL: Colombia M T Perrhybris pamela boyi J. Zikán, 1940 TL: Brazil (Am) M T Perrhybris pamela carmenta Fruhstorfer, 1907 TL: Peru M T Perrhybris pamela chajulensis J. Maza & R. G. Maza, 1989 N Oaxaca, Chiapas to Honduras M T S Perrhybris pamela eieidias Hübner, [1821] TL: [Brazil] M T Perrhybris pamela flava (Oberthür, 1896) TL: S. Amer. M T Perrhybris pamela fruhstorferi Röber, 1908 Panama M S L Perrhybris pamela glessaria Fruhstorfer, 1907 TL: Ecuador M T Perrhybris pamela incisa Fruhstorfer, 1907 TL: Brazil (Ba) M T Perrhybris pamela lucasi Fruhstorfer, 1907 TL: French Guiana; Brazil Perrhybris pamela malenka (Hewitson, 1852) TL: Venezuela M T Perrhybris pamela mapa J. Maza & R. G. Maza, 1989 SW Chiapas M T S Perrhybris pamela mazuka Lamas, 1981 TL: Peru Perrhybris pamela [n. ssp.] Lamas, MS Costa Rica Charonias Röber, 1908 Charonias eurytele (Hewitson, [1853]) TL: Ecuador Charonias eurytele eurytele (Hewitson, [1853]) TL: Ecuador M T Charonias eurytele caraca Kaye, 1913 TL: Venezuela Charonias eurytele dismorphina Röber, 1908 TL: Colombia M T Charonias eurytele dismorphites (A. Butler, 1872) Costa Rica & Panama M T S Charonias eurytele nigrescens (Salvin & Godman, 1868) S Mexico to Guatemala (at least) M T S Charonias eurytele [n. ssp.#1] Lamas, MS TL: Colombia M T Charonias eurytele [n. ssp.#2] Lamas, MS TL: Venezuela Charonias theano (Boisduval, 1836) TL: Brazil (RJ) M T Archonias Hübner, [1831] Archonias brassolis (Fabricius, 1776) TL: Surinam Archonias brassolis brassolis (Fabricius, 1776) TL: Surinam Archonias brassolis approximata (A. Butler, 1873) SE Mexico to Panama M T S L Archonias brassolis brevia G. Rodríguez, Le Crom & Salazar, 2004 TL: Colombia Archonias brassolis critias (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1859) TL: S. Amer. M T Archonias brassolis cutila Fruhstorfer, 1907 TL: Ecuador M T Archonias brassolis marcias Hübner, [1831] TL: Brazil (Ba) Archonias brassolis negrina (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1862) TL: "Brazil (Am)" M T Archonias brassolis nigripennis (A. Butler, 1873) TL: Colombia M T Archonias brassolis rosacea (A. Butler, 1873) TL: Ecuador M T Archonias brassolis rubrosparsa Stichel, 1908 TL: Ecuador M T Archonias brassolis semialba Constantino, Salazar & Rodríguez, 2004 TL: Colombia Archonias brassolis tereas (Godart, 1819) TL: Brazil M T Catasticta A. Butler, 1870 Catasticta abiseo Lamas & Bollino, 2004 TL: Peru M T Catasticta affinis Röber, 1909 TL: Colombia Catasticta affinis affinis Röber, 1909 TL: Colombia M T Catasticta affinis giga F. Brown & Gabriel, 1939 TL: Colombia M T Catasticta albofasciata Lathy & Rosenberg, 1912 TL: Colombia Catasticta albofasciata albofasciata Lathy & Rosenberg, 1912 TL: Colombia M T Catasticta albofasciata rubroreducta Reissinger, 1972 TL: Ecuador M T Catasticta amastris (Hewitson, 1874) TL: Bolivia Catasticta amastris amastris (Hewitson, 1874) TL: Bolivia M T Catasticta amastris dentata Lathy & Rosenberg, 1912 TL: Peru M T Catasticta anaitis (Hewitson, 1869) TL: Ecuador Catasticta anaitis anaitis (Hewitson, 1869) TL: Ecuador M T Catasticta anaitis felicitas Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998 TL: Peru M T Catasticta anaitis sordida A. Butler, 1897 TL: Bolivia M T Catasticta anaitis suasella Röber, 1908 TL: Peru M T Catasticta apaturina A. Butler, 1901 TL: Ecuador Catasticta apaturina apaturina A. Butler, 1901 TL: Ecuador M T Catasticta apaturina citra F. Brown, 1939 TL: Peru M T Catasticta apaturina subturina Reissinger, 1972 TL: Colombia M T Catasticta apaturina supraturina Reissinger, 1972 TL: Peru M T Catasticta arborardens Reissinger, 1972 TL: Peru M T Catasticta atahuallpa (Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998) TL: Peru Catasticta aureomaculata Lathy & Rosenberg, 1912 TL: Peru Catasticta aureomaculata aureomaculata Lathy & Rosenberg, 1912 TL: Peru M T Catasticta aureomaculata gabrieli Reissinger, 1972 TL: Peru M T Catasticta aureomaculata [n. ssp.] Lamas, MS Peru Catasticta bithys (Hübner, [1831]) TL: Brazil (SP) M T Catasticta cerberus Godman & Salvin, 1889 Costa Rican Dartwhite Costa Rica & Panama M T S Catasticta chelidonis (Hopffer, 1874) TL: Bolivia Catasticta chelidonis chelidonis (Hopffer, 1874) TL: Bolivia M T Catasticta chelidonis contrasta Reissinger, 1972 TL: Peru M T Catasticta chelidonis igneata Reissinger, 1972 TL: Peru M T Catasticta chelidonis jacinta A. Butler, 1901 TL: Bolivia M T Catasticta chelidonis taminoides Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998 TL: Bolivia M T Catasticta chrysolopha (Kollar, 1850) TL: [Colombia] Catasticta chrysolopha chrysolopha (Kollar, 1850) TL: [Colombia] M T Catasticta chrysolopha adamsi (Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998) TL: Colombia M T Catasticta chrysolopha beatrizae Bollino & Costa, 2007 TL: Venezuela M T Catasticta chrysolopha quiroza F. Brown, 1939 TL: Peru M T Catasticta chrysolopha spectrum Reissinger, 1972 TL: Venezuela M T Catasticta chrysolopha [n. ssp.] Lamas, MS Peru Catasticta cinerea A. Butler, 1897 TL: ["Ecuador"] Catasticta cinerea cinerea A. Butler, 1897 TL: ["Ecuador"] M T Catasticta cinerea ariadne Reissinger, 1972 TL: Peru M T Catasticta cinerea coerulescens (Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998) TL: Peru M T Catasticta cinerea hollandi Avinoff, 1926 TL: Colombia M T Catasticta cinerea laurentina (Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998) TL: Colombia M T Catasticta cinerea rochereaui Le Cerf, 1924 TL: Colombia M T Catasticta cinerea substituta (Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998) TL: Ecuador Catasticta cinerea suprema Fassl, 1915 TL: Colombia M T Catasticta colla (E. Doubleday, 1847) TL: Bolivia Catasticta colla colla (E. Doubleday, 1847) TL: Bolivia M T Catasticta colla philomene Röber, 1908 TL: Bolivia M T Catasticta colla punctata Lathy & Rosenberg, 1912 TL: Peru M T Catasticta collina F. Brown, 1939 TL: Peru Catasticta collina collina F. Brown, 1939 TL: Peru M T Catasticta collina carpis Reissinger, 1972 TL: Peru M T Catasticta cora (Lucas, 1852) TL: Peru M T Catasticta corcyra (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1859) TL: [Bolivia] Catasticta corcyra corcyra (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1859) TL: [Bolivia] M T Catasticta corcyra staudingeri A. Butler, 1897 TL: Peru M T Catasticta ctemene (Hewitson, 1869) TL: Ecuador Catasticta ctemene ctemene (Hewitson, 1869) TL: Ecuador M T Catasticta ctemene actinotis A. Butler, 1872 Costa Rica & Panama M T S L Catasticta ctemene alma (Hopffer, 1874) TL: Bolivia M T Catasticta ctemene grisella Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998 TL: Peru M T Catasticta ctemene rubricata Weymer, 1907 TL: Colombia M T Catasticta ctemene strigosa A. Butler, 1896 TL: Peru M T Catasticta ctemene zebrella Fruhstorfer, 1912 TL: Peru M T Catasticta ctemene [n. ssp.] Lamas, MS Peru Catasticta discalba F. Brown & Gabriel, 1939 TL: Ecuador M T Catasticta distincta Lathy & Rosenberg, 1912 TL: Peru M T Catasticta duida F. Brown, 1932 TL: Venezuela M T Catasticta eurigania (Hewitson, 1870) TL: Ecuador Catasticta eurigania eurigania (Hewitson, 1870) TL: Ecuador M T Catasticta eurigania straminea A. Butler, 1896 TL: "Ecuador" M T Catasticta ferra F. Brown & Gabriel, 1939 TL: Ecuador Catasticta ferra ferra F. Brown & Gabriel, 1939 TL: Ecuador M T L Catasticta ferra ferruginosa Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998 TL: Ecuador M T Catasticta ferra orcus Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998 TL: Colombia M T Catasticta ferra putumayo Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998 TL: Colombia M T Catasticta flisa (Herrich-Schäffer, [1858]) Narrow-banded Dartwhite TL: Mexico Catasticta flisa flisa (Herrich-Schäffer, [1858]) [= arechiza], E & W Mexico to Guatemala M T S L Catasticta flisa archoflisa Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998 Panama M T Catasticta flisa arechiza (Reakirt, 1866) TL: Mexico M T Catasticta flisa briseis Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998 TL: Venezuela Catasticta flisa dilutior Avinoff, 1926 TL: Colombia M T Catasticta flisa duna Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998 TL: Ecuador M T L Catasticta flisa flisandra Reissinger, 1972 Chiapas & Guatemala M T S L Catasticta flisa flisella Reissinger, 1972 SE Mexico to El Salvador M T S Catasticta flisa flisoides Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998 TL: Colombia M T Catasticta flisa melanisa Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998 Costa Rica M T S L Catasticta flisa noakesi Joicey & Rosenberg, 1915 TL: Colombia M T Catasticta flisa postaurea F. Brown, 1933 TL: Colombia M T Catasticta flisa viloria Bollino & Costa, 2007 TL: Venezuela M T Catasticta oaxaca Beutelspacher, 1984 Oaxacan Dartwhite Oaxaca and Chiapas, Mexico M T L Catasticta frontina F. Brown & Gabriel, 1939 TL: Colombia Catasticta frontina frontina F. Brown & Gabriel, 1939 TL: Colombia M T Catasticta frontina muehlei Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998 TL: Ecuador M T Catasticta frontina zamorana Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998 TL: Ecuador M T Catasticta fulva Joicey & Rosenberg, 1915 TL: Peru Catasticta fulva fulva Joicey & Rosenberg, 1915 TL: Peru M T Catasticta fulva kentae F. Brown & Goodson, 1940 TL: Peru M T Catasticta fulva [n. ssp.] Lamas, MS Peru Catasticta grisea Joicey & Rosenberg, 1915 TL: Peru M T Catasticta hebra (Lucas, 1852) TL: Colombia Catasticta hebra hebra (Lucas, 1852) TL: Colombia M T Catasticta hebra apollinari Fassl, 1915 TL: Colombia M T Catasticta hebra crowleyi A. Butler, 1901 TL: Venezuela M T Catasticta hebra mariae Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998 TL: Colombia M T Catasticta hebra potamea (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861) TL: Venezuela; "Ecuador" M T Catasticta hegemon Godman & Salvin, 1889 Frosted Dartwhite TL: Costa Rica Catasticta hegemon hegemon Godman & Salvin, 1889 Costa Rica & Panama M T S L Catasticta hegemon helle Röber, 1924 TL: Colombia M T Catasticta hegemon tatae F. Brown & Gabriel, 1939 TL: Ecuador M T Catasticta huancabambensis Joicey & Rosenberg, 1915 TL: Peru Catasticta huancabambensis huancabambensis Joicey & Rosenberg, 1915 TL: Peru M T Catasticta huancabambensis bamba Reissinger, 1972 TL: Peru M T Catasticta huebneri Lathy & Rosenberg, 1912 TL: "Peru" M T Catasticta incerta (Dognin, 1888) TL: Ecuador Catasticta incerta incerta (Dognin, 1888) TL: Ecuador M T Catasticta incerta concerta Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998 TL: Ecuador M T Catasticta lanceolata Lathy & Rosenberg, 1912 TL: Colombia Catasticta lanceolata lanceolata Lathy & Rosenberg, 1912 TL: Colombia M T Catasticta lanceolata alexandra Bollino & L. Rodríguez, 2003 TL: Colombia M T Catasticta leucophaea Lathy & Rosenberg, 1912 TL: Peru Catasticta leucophaea leucophaea Lathy & Rosenberg, 1912 TL: Peru M T Catasticta leucophaea lathyi Joicey & Talbot, 1918 TL: Ecuador M T Catasticta lisa Baumann & Reissinger, 1969 TL: Peru M T Catasticta ludovici Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998 TL: Ecuador M T Catasticta lycurgus (Godman & Salvin, 1880) TL: Colombia M T Catasticta manco (E. Doubleday, 1848) TL: Bolivia Catasticta manco manco (E. Doubleday, 1848) TL: Bolivia M T Catasticta manco capac Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998 TL: Peru M T Catasticta manco reissingeri Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998 TL: Peru M T Catasticta marcapita Röber, 1909 TL: Bolivia Catasticta marcapita marcapita Röber, 1909 TL: Bolivia M T Catasticta marcapita boettgeri Bollino & Lamas, 2004 TL: Peru M T Catasticta marcapita roberti Reissinger, 1972 TL: Peru M T Catasticta modesta (Lucas, 1852) TL: Peru Catasticta modesta modesta (Lucas, 1852) TL: Peru M T Catasticta modesta goodsoni Reissinger, 1972 TL: Peru M T Catasticta modesta sachapuyo Bollino & Vitale, 2003 TL: Peru M T Catasticta modesta [n. ssp.] Bollino, MS Bolivia Catasticta nimbata Joicey & Talbot, 1918 TL: Peru Catasticta nimbata nimbata Joicey & Talbot, 1918 TL: Peru M T Catasticta nimbata philobata Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998 TL: Peru M T Catasticta nimbata pleione Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998 TL: Peru M T Catasticta nimbice (Boisduval, 1836) Mexican Dartwhite TL: Mexico Catasticta nimbice nimbice (Boisduval, 1836) W TX, E & W Mexico to Oaxaca M T S L1 L2 Catasticta nimbice [n. ssp.] Llorente, MS Los Tuxtlas region, Veracruz M S Catasticta nimbice ochracea (H. Bates, 1864) Chiapas and Guatemala to Nicaragua M T S L Catasticta nimbice bryson Godman & Salvin, 1889 Costa Rica & Panama M T S L Catasticta nimbice ligata Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998 Panama M T S L Catasticta notha (E. Doubleday, 1847) TL: Venezuela Catasticta notha notha (E. Doubleday, 1847) TL: Venezuela M T Catasticta notha caucana Röber, 1908 TL: Colombia M T Catasticta notha pieridoides (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865) TL: Colombia M T Catasticta paucartambo (Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998) TL: Peru M T Catasticta pharnakia Fruhstorfer, 1907 TL: Peru Catasticta pharnakia pharnakia Fruhstorfer, 1907 TL: Peru M T Catasticta pharnakia styx Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998 TL: Ecuador M T Catasticta philais (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865) TL: Colombia Catasticta philais philais (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865) TL: Colombia M T Catasticta philais borgesi Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998 TL: Venezuela M T Catasticta philodora F. Brown, 1939 TL: Ecuador Catasticta philodora philodora F. Brown, 1939 TL: Ecuador M L Catasticta philodora maja Reissinger, 1972 TL: Ecuador M T Catasticta philodora zamora Reissinger, 1972 TL: Ecuador M T Catasticta philone (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865) TL: Colombia; "Ecuador" Catasticta philone philone (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865) TL: Colombia; "Ecuador" M T Catasticta philone ecuadora F. Brown, 1939 TL: Ecuador M T Catasticta philone florida Bollino & Vitale, 2003 TL: Peru M T Catasticta philone grossana F. Brown & Gabriel, 1939 TL: Colombia M T Catasticta philone stabilis Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998 TL: Peru M T Catasticta philone variabilis Röber, 1924 TL: Colombia M T Catasticta philoscia (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861) TL: Venezuela Catasticta philoscia philoscia (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861) TL: Venezuela M T Catasticta philoscia incertina Röber, 1924 TL: Colombia M T Catasticta philoscia reyi Bollino & Costa, 2007 TL: Venezuela M T Catasticta philothea (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865) TL: Colombia M T Catasticta pieris (Hopffer, 1874) TL: "Bolivia"; Peru Catasticta pieris pieris (Hopffer, 1874) TL: "Bolivia"; Peru M T S Catasticta pieris innuba Röber, 1908 TL: Bolivia M T Catasticta pieris intermedia Lathy & Rosenberg, 1912 TL: Peru M T Catasticta pinava (E. Doubleday, 1847) TL: Bolivia Catasticta pinava pinava (E. Doubleday, 1847) TL: Bolivia M T Catasticta pinava lucida Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998 TL: Peru M T Catasticta pluvius Tessmann, 1928 TL: Peru Catasticta pluvius pluvius Tessmann, 1928 TL: Peru M T Catasticta pluvius seminigra Bollino & Vitale, 2004 TL: Peru M T Catasticta potameoides Reissinger, 1972 TL: Peru M T Catasticta poujadei (Dognin, 1887) TL: Ecuador Catasticta poujadei poujadei (Dognin, 1887) TL: Ecuador M T Catasticta poujadei clara Röber, 1909 TL: [Peru] M T Catasticta poujadei eximia Röber, 1909 TL: Bolivia M T Catasticta poujadei lamasi (Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998) TL: Peru M T Catasticta prioneris (Hopffer, 1874) TL: Peru Catasticta prioneris prioneris (Hopffer, 1874) TL: Peru M T Catasticta prioneris albescens Röber, 1924 TL: Colombia M T Catasticta prioneris araguana Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998 TL: Venezuela M T Catasticta prioneris estancia Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998 TL: Ecuador M T Catasticta prioneris nigrilineata Bollino, L. Rodríguez & Constantino, 2004 TL: Colombia M T Catasticta prioneris parrishi Bollino & Costa, 2007 TL: Venezuela M T Catasticta prioneris peruviana Joicey & Talbot, 1918 TL: Peru M T Catasticta radiata (Kollar, 1850) TL: [Colombia] Catasticta radiata radiata (Kollar, 1850) TL: [Colombia] M T Catasticta radiata julita Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998 TL: Ecuador M T Catasticta reducta A. Butler, 1896 TL: Ecuador Catasticta reducta reducta A. Butler, 1896 TL: Ecuador M T Catasticta reducta boliviana A. Butler, 1896 TL: Bolivia M T Catasticta reducta butleria F. Brown & Gabriel, 1939 TL: Peru M T Catasticta revancha Rey & Pyrcz, 1996 TL: Venezuela M T Catasticta rileya F. Brown & Gabriel, 1939 TL: Peru M T Catasticta rosea Joicey & Rosenberg, 1915 TL: Colombia M T Catasticta scaeva Röber, 1909 TL: Peru Catasticta scaeva scaeva Röber, 1909 TL: Peru M T Catasticta scaeva restricta F. Brown & Goodson, 1940 TL: Bolivia M T Catasticta scurra Röber, 1924 TL: Peru M T Catasticta seitzi Lathy & Rosenberg, 1912 TL: Colombia Catasticta seitzi seitzi Lathy & Rosenberg, 1912 TL: Colombia M T Catasticta seitzi blanca Reissinger, 1972 TL: Ecuador M T Catasticta seitzi clarita Bollino & Costa, 2007 TL: Venezuela M T Catasticta seitzi zana F. Brown, 1939 TL: Colombia M T Catasticta sella Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998 TL: Peru Catasticta sella sella Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998 TL: Peru M T Catasticta sella dognini Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998 TL: Ecuador M T Catasticta semiramis (Lucas, 1852) TL: Colombia Catasticta semiramis semiramis (Lucas, 1852) TL: Colombia M T Catasticta semiramis belmira Bollino & L. Rodríguez, 2003 TL: Colombia M T Catasticta semiramis costarum Bollino & Lamas, 2004 TL: Venezuela M T Catasticta semiramis palla F. Brown, 1939 TL: Colombia M T Catasticta semiramis salomon (Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998) TL: Ecuador M T Catasticta semiramis willmotti Bollino & Lamas, 2004 TL: Ecuador M T Catasticta similis Lathy & Rosenberg, 1912 TL: Peru M T Catasticta sinapina A. Butler, 1896 TL: Peru Catasticta sinapina sinapina A. Butler, 1896 TL: Peru M T Catasticta sinapina subflava Lathy & Rosenberg, 1912 TL: Peru M T Catasticta sisamnus (Fabricius, 1793) TL: ? Catasticta sisamnus sisamnus (Fabricius, 1793) TL: ? M T Catasticta sisamnus ayanganna Bollino & Costa, 2007 TL: Guyana M T Catasticta sisamnus bithyna Röber, 1924 TL: Colombia M T L Catasticta sisamnus merida Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998 TL: Venezuela M T Catasticta sisamnus smalli Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998 Honduras to Panama M T S L Catasticta sisamnus telasco (Lucas, 1852) TL: Peru M T Catasticta smithia F. Brown & Gabriel, 1939 TL: Peru M T Catasticta socorrensis Fassl, 1915 TL: Colombia Catasticta socorrensis socorrensis Fassl, 1915 TL: Colombia M T Catasticta socorrensis cotopaxiensis (Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998) TL: Ecuador M T Catasticta striata (Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998) TL: Peru Catasticta striata striata (Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998) TL: Peru M T Catasticta striata batesi (Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998) TL: Peru M T Catasticta striata jimbura Bollino & Vitale, 2002 TL: Ecuador Catasticta striata [n. ssp.#1] Bollino & Lamas, MS TL: Ecuador Catasticta striata [n. ssp.#2] Bollino & Lamas, MS TL: Ecuador Catasticta suadela (Hopffer, 1874) TL: Peru M T Catasticta suasa Röber, 1908 TL: Bolivia Catasticta suasa suasa Röber, 1908 TL: Bolivia M T Catasticta suasa pacis Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998 TL: Bolivia M T Catasticta suasa [n. ssp.] Lamas, MS Peru Catasticta superba Lathy & Rosenberg, 1912 TL: Peru M T Catasticta susiana (Hopffer, 1874) TL: "Peru" Catasticta susiana susiana (Hopffer, 1874) TL: "Peru" M T Catasticta susiana acomayo Reissinger, 1972 TL: Peru M T Catasticta susiana amba F. Brown, Gabriel & Goodson, 1940 TL: Ecuador M T Catasticta susiana galbinea Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998 TL: Peru M T Catasticta susiana roeberi Reissinger, 1972 TL: Peru M T Catasticta susiana sebundoia Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998 TL: Ecuador M T Catasticta susiana tamboensis Joicey & Talbot, 1918 TL: not specified M T Catasticta tamsa F. Brown & Gabriel, 1939 TL: Peru Catasticta tamsa tamsa F. Brown & Gabriel, 1939 TL: Peru M T Catasticta tamsa yanganza Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998 TL: Ecuador M T Catasticta teutamis (Hewitson, 1860) TL: Peru Catasticta teutamis teutamis (Hewitson, 1860) TL: Peru M T Catasticta teutamis epimene (Hewitson, 1870) TL: Ecuador M L Catasticta teutamis [n. ssp.] Lamas, MS Peru Catasticta teutila (E. Doubleday, 1847) Pure-banded Dartwhite TL: Mexico Catasticta teutila teutila (E. Doubleday, 1847) C Mexico (Jalisco to Veracruz) M T S L Ha Catasticta teutila flavifaciata Beutelspacher, 1986 S Mexico (Oaxaca) M T S L Catasticta teutila [n. ssp.#1] Llorente, MS S Mexico (Guerrero) M S Catasticta teutila [n. ssp.#2] Llorente, MS S Mexico (Chiapas) to Guatemala (at least) M S Catasticta teutila flavomaculata Lathy & Rosenberg, 1912 Costa Rica & Panama M T S L Catasticta theresa A. Butler & H. Druce, 1874 Small Dartwhite Costa Rica & Panama M T S L Catasticta thomasorum Jasinski, 1998 TL: Ecuador Catasticta thomasorum thomasorum Jasinski, 1998 TL: Ecuador Catasticta thomasorum inexpectata Bollino & Vitale, 2004 TL: Ecuador M T Catasticta toca (E. Doubleday, 1847) TL: Bolivia Catasticta toca toca (E. Doubleday, 1847) TL: Bolivia M T Catasticta toca detrita Röber, 1909 TL: Peru M T Catasticta tomyris (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865) TL: Colombia Catasticta tomyris tomyris (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865) TL: Colombia M T Catasticta tomyris barbara Reissinger, 1969 TL: Peru M T Catasticta tomyris myris (Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998) TL: Ecuador M T Catasticta tomyris subtamina (Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998) TL: Venezuela M T Catasticta tomyris subtomyris Reissinger, 1972 TL: Peru M T Catasticta tomyris tamina Röber, 1909 TL: Bolivia M T Catasticta tricolor A. Butler, 1897 TL: Ecuador Catasticta tricolor tricolor A. Butler, 1897 TL: Ecuador M T Catasticta tricolor rodriguezi (Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998) TL: Colombia M T Catasticta tricolor tomasi Wojtusiak & Rey, 1999 TL: Venezuela M T Catasticta troezene (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865) TL: Colombia Catasticta troezene troezene (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865) TL: Colombia M T Catasticta troezene gelba F. Brown & Gabriel, 1939 TL: Venezuela M T Catasticta troezene miza Bollino & Costa, 2007 TL: Venezuela M T Catasticta troezene troezenides Röber, 1908 TL: Colombia M T Catasticta truncata Lathy & Rosenberg, 1912 TL: Venezuela Catasticta truncata truncata Lathy & Rosenberg, 1912 TL: Venezuela M T Catasticta truncata xanthotaenia Röber, 1924 TL: Ecuador M T Catasticta uricoecheae (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861) TL: Colombia Catasticta uricoecheae uricoecheae (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861) TL: Colombia M T Catasticta uricoecheae flava E. Krüger, 1925 TL: Colombia M T Catasticta uricoecheae inopa Wojtusiak & Rey, 1999 TL: Venezuela M T Catasticta vilcabamba Lamas & Bollino, 2004 TL: Peru M T Catasticta vulnerata A. Butler, 1897 TL: Ecuador Catasticta vulnerata vulnerata A. Butler, 1897 TL: Ecuador M T Catasticta vulnerata koenigi (Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998) TL: Peru Catasticta watkinsi Lathy & Rosenberg, 1912 TL: Peru Catasticta watkinsi watkinsi Lathy & Rosenberg, 1912 TL: Peru M T Catasticta watkinsi huanuco Reissinger, 1972 TL: Peru M T Catasticta watkinsi suffusa Lathy & Rosenberg, 1912 TL: Peru M T Catasticta [n. sp.#1] Lamas, MS TL: Peru Catasticta [n. sp.#2] Lamas, MS TL: Peru Catasticta [n. sp.#3] Llorente, MS TL: Mexico Catasticta [n. sp.#4] Lamas & Bollino, MS TL: Peru Catasticta [n. sp.#5] Lamas & Bollino, MS TL: Peru Eucheira Westwood, 1834 Eucheira socialis Westwood, 1834 Social White TL: Mexico Eucheira socialis socialis Westwood, 1834 C Mexico to Oaxaca M T S Eucheira socialis westwoodi Beutelspacher, 1984 NW Mexico M T1 T2 S I H Neophasia Behr, 1869 Neophasia menapia (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1859) Pine White TL: USA (Nv) Neophasia menapia tehachapina J. Emmel, T. Emmel & Mattoon, 1998 Tehachapi Mts., Kern Co., CA M T S Neophasia menapia menapia (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1859) CA Sierra Nevada N to N OR/ S WA (or BC if tau treated as syn.) M T S L1 L2 I Ha Neophasia menapia melanica Scott, 1981 immediate coast, Mendocino Co., CA M S L Neophasia menapia tau (Scudder, 1861) BC, WA, ID, W MT, NE WY, blending in OR with typical menapia M S L Neophasia menapia magnamenapia Austin, 1998 W NV, S & C UT, AZ, NM, CO, E WY, W NE, W SD M T S L1 L2 L3 I1 I2 H Ha Neophasia terlooii Behr, 1869 Mexican Pine White SE AZ, SW NM to central western Mexico (MICH), also NL M T S Ab L1 L2 L3 I Ha Pereute Herrich-Schäffer, 1867 Pereute antodyca (Boisduval, 1836) TL: Brazil M T Pereute callinice (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861) TL: Colombia; Venezuela Pereute callinice callinice (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861) TL: Colombia; Venezuela M T Pereute callinice numbalensis Joicey & Talbot, 1928 TL: Ecuador M T Pereute callinira Staudinger, 1884 TL: Peru; Colombia Pereute callinira callinira Staudinger, 1884 TL: Peru; Colombia M T Pereute callinira sabrina Fruhstorfer, 1907 TL: Colombia M T Pereute charops (Boisduval, 1836) Darkened White TL: Mexico Pereute charops leonilae Llorente, 1986 NW Mexico (Sinaloa to Colima) M T S L Pereute charops sphocra Draudt, 1931 SW Mexico (Pacific slope of Guerrero & Oaxaca) M T S Ha Pereute charops charops (Boisduval, 1836) E Mexico M T S Ab L Pereute charops nigricans Joicey & Talbot, 1928 S Mexico (Chiapas) to Nicaragua M T S L Pereute charops Costa Rican segregate , Costa Rica & Panama M S L Pereute charops columbica Fruhstorfer, 1907 TL: Colombia M T Pereute charops peruviana (Hopffer, 1878) TL: Peru M T Pereute charops venezuelana (Hopffer, 1878) TL: [Venezuela] M T Pereute charops [n. ssp.] Lamas, MS Costa Rica Pereute cheops Staudinger, 1884 Dark White Costa Rica & Panama M T S L Pereute leucodrosime (Kollar, 1850) TL: Colombia Pereute leucodrosime leucodrosime (Kollar, 1850) TL: Colombia M T Pereute leucodrosime bellatrix Fruhstorfer, 1907 TL: Peru M T Pereute leucodrosime beryllina Fruhstorfer, 1907 TL: Ecuador M T Pereute leucodrosime caesarea (Lucas, 1852) TL: [Ecuador] M T Pereute lindemannae Reissinger, 1970 TL: Brazil (Am) Pereute lindemannae lindemannae Reissinger, 1970 TL: Brazil (Am) M T Pereute lindemannae pemona de Marmels, Clavijo & M. Chacín, 2003 TL: Venezuela M T Pereute lindemannae piaroa de Marmels, Clavijo & M. Chacín, 2003 TL: Venezuela M T Pereute swainsoni (G. Gray, 1832) TL: Brazil M T Pereute telthusa (Hewitson, 1860) TL: Peru M T Leodonta A. Butler, 1870 Leodonta dysoni (E. Doubleday, 1847) Dyson's White TL: Venezuela Leodonta dysoni dysoni (E. Doubleday, 1847) Costa Rica to Venezuela M T S L Leodonta dysoni batzebina Röber, 1924 TL: Colombia M T Leodonta dysoni marginata Schaus, 1902 TL: Venezuela M T Leodonta dysoni [n. ssp.] Lamas, MS Peru Leodonta tagaste (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1859) TL: Peru Leodonta tagaste tagaste (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1859) TL: Peru M T Leodonta tagaste colombiana Constantino & Salazar, 2004 TL: Colombia Leodonta tagaste [n. ssp.] Lamas, MS Peru Leodonta tellane (Hewitson, 1860) TL: Colombia Leodonta tellane tellane (Hewitson, 1860) TL: Colombia M T Leodonta tellane chiriquensis (Staudinger, 1884) Costa Rica & Panama M T S L Leodonta tellane intermedia Röber, 1908 TL: Colombia M T Leodonta tellane tingomariae Baumann & Reissinger, 1969 TL: Peru M T Leodonta tellane triangulata Constantino & Rodríguez, 2004 TL: Colombia Leodonta tellane [n. ssp.#1] Constantino, MS TL: Colombia Leodonta tellane [n. ssp.#2] Lamas, MS TL: Ecuador Leodonta tellane [n. ssp.#3] Lamas, MS TL: Peru Leodonta tellane [n. ssp.#4] Lamas, MS TL: Peru Leodonta zenobia (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865) TL: Colombia Leodonta zenobia zenobia (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865) TL: Colombia M T Leodonta zenobia monticola Joicey & Talbot, 1918 TL: Peru M T Leodonta zenobia angustata Constantino & Fagua, 2004 TL: Colombia Leodonta zenobia [n. ssp.#1] Lamas, MS TL: Venezuela Leodonta zenobia [n. ssp.#2] Lamas, MS TL: Peru Leodonta zenobina (Hopffer, 1869) TL: Peru M T Melete Swainson, [1831] Melete calymnia (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1862) TL: "Brazil (Am)" M T Melete leucadia (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1862) TL: "Brazil (Am)" M T Melete leucanthe (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861) TL: Colombia; ["Ecuador"] Melete leucanthe leucanthe (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861) TL: Colombia; ["Ecuador"] M T L Melete leucanthe veronica Le Crom & Llorente, 2004 TL: Colombia M L Melete lycimnia (Cramer, 1777) TL: Surinam Melete lycimnia lycimnia (Cramer, 1777) TL: Surinam M T Melete lycimnia aelia (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861) TL: Colombia; ["Ecuador"] M T L Melete lycimnia chagris (Staudinger, 1876) Panama M T IL Melete lycimnia eurymnia (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865) TL: Colombia M T Melete lycimnia flippantha (Fabricius, 1793) TL: ? M T Melete lycimnia harti (A. Butler, 1896) TL: Trinidad M T Melete lycimnia isandra (Boisduval, 1836) S TX (as stray), E & W Mexico to Costa Rica M T S1 S2 S3 L I Melete lycimnia latilimbata (A. Butler, 1896) TL: Ecuador M T Melete lycimnia monstrosa (A. Butler, 1875) Panama M T S Melete lycimnia napona (Röber, 1909) TL: Ecuador M T Melete lycimnia narmia Fruhstorfer, 1910 TL: [Brazil (MT)] M T Melete lycimnia paulista Fruhstorfer, 1908 TL: Brazil (SP) M T Melete lycimnia peruviana (Lucas, 1852) TL: Peru M T Melete lycimnia petronia Fruhstorfer, 1907 TL: Brazil (SC) M T Melete lycimnia phazania Fruhstorfer, 1907 TL: Brazil (Ba) M T Melete lycimnia reducta Constantino, Le Crom & Torres, 2004 TL: Colombia Melete lycimnia theodori Fruhstorfer, 1907 TL: Brazil (Am) M T Melete polyhymnia (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865) TL: Colombia Melete polyhymnia polyhymnia (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865) TL: Colombia M T Melete polyhymnia caesarea Fruhstorfer, 1912 TL: Colombia M T Melete polyhymnia florinda (A. Butler, 1875) Chiapas to Colombia M T S L Melete polyhymnia serrana R. G. Maza, 1984 N Oaxaca, Mexico (Gulf Slope) M T Melete salacia (Godart, 1819) Black-striped White TL: ? Melete salacia salacia (Godart, 1819) Hispaniola M T S Melete salacia cubana Fruhstorfer, 1908 Cuba M T S Glutophrissa A. Butler, 1887 Glutophrissa drusilla (Cramer, 1777) TL: "Batavia" Glutophrissa drusilla drusilla (Cramer, 1777) TL: "Batavia" M T Glutophrissa drusilla boydi (W. Comstock, 1943) Hispaniola, Mona, Puerto Rico, Culebra, Virgin Islands M T S Glutophrissa drusilla castalia (Fabricius, 1793) Jamaica M T S Glutophrissa drusilla comstocki (Dillon, 1947) Dominica & Martinique M T S Glutophrissa drusilla monomorpha (A. Hall, 1936) Grenada M T Glutophrissa drusilla neumoegenii (Skinner, 1894) S Florida M T S L Glutophrissa drusilla poeyi (A. Butler, 1872) Bahamas, Cuba, Isla de Juventud, Caymans M T S Glutophrissa drusilla tenuis (Lamas, 1981) W Mexico & S TX (strays far N) to Peru M T S1 S2 Ab L I H Glutophrissa punctifera (R.F. d'Almeida, 1939) Antillean White Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, St. Thomas & St. John M S Family LYCAENIDAE [Leach], [1815] – GOSSAMERWINGS Subfamily Miletinae Tribe Miletini Feniseca Grote, 1869 Feniseca tarquinius (Fabricius, 1793) Harvester TL: not specified Feniseca tarquinius tarquinius (Fabricius, 1793) TL: not specified M S L1 L2 L3 I Ha Feniseca tarquinius novascotiae McDunnough, 1935 TL: not specified M S Subfamily Lycaeninae Tribe Lycaenini Iophanus Draudt, 1920 Iophanus pyrrhias (Godman & Salvin, 1887) Guatemalan Copper Chiapas and Guatemala M T S L Lycaena Fabricius, 1807 Lycaena phlaeas (Linnaeus, 1761) American Copper TL: not specified Lycaena phlaeas hypophlaeas (Boisduval, 1852) TL: USA (Ma) M S Ab L1 L2 H Lycaena phlaeas feildeni (M'Lachlan, 1878) coastal tundra in Nunavut, NWT, YK, AK M S L I Lycaena phlaeas arethusa (Wolley-Dod, 1907) TL: not specified M S Lycaena phlaeas weberi Kohler, 2007 TL: not specified M S Lycaena phlaeas arctodon Ferris, 1974 TL: not specified M T S L Ha Lycaena phlaeas shields Kemal & Koçak, 2007 [alpestris is preoccupied] M T S Lycaena cupreus (W. H. Edwards, 1870) Lustrous Copper TL: USA (Or) Lycaena cupreus lapidicola J. Emmel & Pratt, 1998 CA Sierra Nevada from Nevada to Tulare-Inyo Cos.; similar in White Mts. M T S L H Lycaena cupreus cupreus (W. H. Edwards, 1870) [= artemisia], N CA, C-E OR, ID, NE NV, MT, NW WY, N UT M T S L1 L2 Ha Lycaena cupreus henryae (Cadbury, 1937) BC, ALTA, N WA, NW MT M S L Lycaena cupreus snowi (W. H. Edwards, [1881]) S Rocky Mts. of SE WY, CO, N NM; high Uinta and La Sal Mts., UT M S L1 L2 Ha Lycaena arota (Boisduval, 1852) Tailed Copper TL: USA (Ca) Lycaena arota arota (Boisduval, 1852) TL: USA (Ca) M T TI S L I Lycaena arota C CA interior Coast Range segregate , M S L Ha Lycaena arota Willamette Valley segregate , Willamette Valley, W Oregon M S Lycaena arota virginiensis (W. H. Edwards, 1870) TL: USA (Nv) M T S L1 L2 H Lycaena arota nubila (J. A. Comstock, 1926) TL: USA (Ca) M T S Lycaena arota schellbachi Tilden, 1955 TL: USA (Az) M S L1 L2 Ha Lycaena hermes (W. H. Edwards, 1870) Hermes Copper TL: USA (Ca) M T S L1 L2 L3 L4 H Lycaena dione (Scudder, 1868) Gray Copper TL: USA (Ia) M S L Ha Lycaena editha (Mead, 1878) Edith's Copper TL: USA (Ca) Lycaena editha editha (Mead, 1878) TL: USA (Ca) M T S L1 L2 L3 Ha Lycaena editha pseudonexa J. Emmel & Pratt, 1998 TL: USA (Ca) M T S Lycaena editha obscuramaculata Austin, 1989 TL: not specified M T S L Ha Lycaena editha NE Oregon segregate , [nr. editha], NE Oregon M S Lycaena editha vurali Koçak, 1984 TL: not specified M S L1 L2 L3 Ha Lycaena xanthoides (Boisduval, 1852) Great Copper TL: USA (Ca) Lycaena xanthoides nigromaculata J. Emmel & Pratt, 1998 TL: USA (Ca) M T S1 S2 L Lycaena xanthoides xanthoides (Boisduval, 1852) TL: USA (Ca) M T S L1 L2 Lycaena xanthoides obsolescens J. Emmel & Pratt, 1998 TL: USA (Ca) M T S Ha Lycaena gorgon (Boisduval, 1852) Gorgon Copper TL: USA (Ca) Lycaena gorgon gorgon (Boisduval, 1852) TL: USA (Ca) M T S Ab L1 L2 I Ha Lycaena gorgon micropunctata J. Emmel & Pratt, 1998 TL: USA (Ca) M T S L Ha Lycaena gorgon jacquelineae J. Emmel & Pratt, 1998 TL: USA (Ca) M T S Ab L1 L2 I Ha Lycaena gorgon dorothea J. Emmel & Pratt, 1998 TL: USA (Or) M T S L1 L2 Ha Lycaena rubidus (Behr, 1866) Ruddy Copper TL: USA (Or) Lycaena rubidus monachensis K. Johnson & Balogh, 1977 TL: USA (Ca) M S L1 L2 Lycaena rubidus incana Austin, 1998 TL: USA (Nv) M T Lycaena rubidus rubidus (Behr, 1866) [= duofascies] M S1 S2 L Lycaena rubidus duofascies K. Johnson & Balogh, 1977 TL: USA (Id) M T Lycaena rubidus perkinsorum K. Johnson & Balogh, 1977 TL: USA (Or) M T S L Lycaena rubidus sirius (W. H. Edwards, 1871) TL: USA (Co) M T S L1 L2 L3 Ha Lycaena rubidus longi K. Johnson & Balogh, 1977 TL: USA (Ne) M T S Lycaena rubidus ferrisi K. Johnson & Balogh, 1977 TL: USA (Az) M T S L1 L2 I Lycaena heteronea Boisduval, 1852 Blue Copper TL: USA (Ca) Lycaena heteronea heteronea Boisduval, 1852 TL: USA (Ca) M T TI S L Lycaena heteronea northi J. Emmel & Pratt, 1998 TL: USA (Ca) M T S I Lycaena heteronea submaculata J. Emmel & Pratt, 1998 TL: USA (Ca) M T S L Ha Lycaena heteronea clara H. Edwards, [1880] TL: USA (Ca) M T S L Lycaena heteronea austin Kemal & Koçak, 2007 [rutila is preoccupied] M T S L1 L2 Lycaena heteronea rava Austin, 1998 TL: USA (Nv) M T S L Ha Lycaena heteronea klotsi W. D. Field, 1936 TL: not specified M S L1 L2 Ha Lycaena heteronea gravenotata Klots, 1930 TL: USA (Co) M S L1 L2 Ha Lycaena heteronea E base Cascades- boldly spotted segregate , [= nr. gravenotata], E base Cascades far N CA, OR, far S WA M S L1 L2 L3 Ha Lycaena hyllus (Cramer, 1775) Bronze Copper TL: USA (NY) M T S L1 L2 I1 I2 Ha Lycaena epixanthe (Boisduval & Le Conte, [1835]) Bog Copper TL: USA (NJ) Lycaena epixanthe epixanthe (Boisduval & Le Conte, [1835]) TL: USA (NJ) M S L H Lycaena epixanthe phaedrus (G. Hall, 1924) TL: Canada (NS) M S Lycaena epixanthe michiganensis Rawson, 1948 TL: USA (Mi) M S L Lycaena dorcas W. Kirby, 1837 Dorcas Copper TL: not specified Lycaena dorcas claytoni A. E. Brower, 1940 TL: USA (Me) M S L Ha Lycaena dorcas michuron Scott, 2006 TL: USA (Mi) M S L Lycaena dorcas dorcas W. Kirby, 1837 TL: not specified M S L Lycaena dorcas arcticus (Ferris, 1977) TL: Canada (Yt) M T S L Lycaena dorcas florus (W. H. Edwards, [1884]) TL: not specified M S L Ha Lycaena dorcas megaloceras (Ferris, 1977) TL: USA (Wy) M T S Lycaena dorcas castro (Reakirt, 1866) [= sangremar] M T S L1 L2 L3 Ha Lycaena dospassosi McDunnough, 1940 Dos Passos' Copper TL: not specified M S Lycaena helloides (Boisduval, 1852) Purplish Copper TL: USA (Ca) M T S L1 L2 L3 I Ha Lycaena nivalis (Boisduval, 1869) Lilac-bordered Copper TL: USA (Ca) Lycaena nivalis nivalis (Boisduval, 1869) TL: USA (Ca) M S Ab L1 L2 Lycaena nivalis W Cascadian segregate , [nr. bichroma] M S L1 L2 L3 Ha Lycaena nivalis bichroma J. Emmel & Pratt, 1998 TL: USA (Ca) M T S L I Ha Lycaena nivalis warnermontana J. Emmel & Pratt, 1998 TL: USA (Ca) M T S L1 L2 Ha Lycaena nivalis NE Oregon segregate , [nr. warnermontana] M S L Ha Lycaena nivalis praetexta Austin, 1998 TL: USA (Nv) M T S L Ha Lycaena nivalis browni dos Passos, 1938 TL: USA (Id) M S L1 L2 Ha Lycaena mariposa (Reakirt, 1866) Mariposa Copper TL: USA (Ca) Lycaena mariposa mariposa (Reakirt, 1866) TL: USA (Ca) M S L1 L2 Ha Lycaena mariposa W Siskiyou segregate , W Siskiyous, Josephine Co., OR M S L Ha Lycaena mariposa charlottensis (W. Holland, 1930) TL: not specified M S Lycaena mariposa penroseae W. D. Field, 1938 TL: USA (Wy) M T S L1 L2 L3 Ha Subfamily Theclinae Tribe Theclini Hypaurotis Scudder, 1876 Hypaurotis crysalus (W. H. Edwards, 1873) Colorado Hairstreak TL: USA (Co) Hypaurotis crysalus crysalus (W. H. Edwards, 1873) C & S CO, NM, far W TX, AZ, SON M T S L1 L2 L3 I Ha Hypaurotis crysalus intermedia Austin, 1998 SE NV, SW UT M T S Hypaurotis crysalus citima (H. Edwards, 1881) N UT; NW CO pops. intermediate towards nominate M T S I Ha Hypaurotis crysalus Mexican segregate , NE Mexico (COAH, NL, DGO), Oaxaca M S L Habrodais Scudder, 1876 Habrodais grunus (Boisduval, 1852) Golden Hairstreak TL: USA (Ca) Habrodais grunus lorquini W. D. Field, 1938 SW ORE (Siskiyous) to C CA Coast Ranges M T S L1 L2 L3 I H Ha Habrodais grunus grunus (Boisduval, 1852) S CA & Sierra Nevada M T S L Habrodais grunus herri W. D. Field, 1938 Cascade Mountains, far S WA (Skamania Co.), OR, N OR Coast Range M T S L1 L2 H Ha Habrodais poodiae J. Brown & Faulkner, 1982 Baja Hairstreak Baja California (Sierra San Pedro Martir) M T S Tribe Eumaeini Eumaeus Hübner, [1819] Eumaeus childrenae (G. Gray, 1832) Great Cycadian [= debora], E & S Mexico to Honduras M T S L I H Eumaeus godartii (Boisduval, 1870) White-tipped Cycadian Nicaragua to W Ecuador M T S1 S2 L I1 I2 Eumaeus minyas (Hübner, [1809]) Minyas Cycadian Colombia to Peru & C Brazil M T Eumaeus toxea (Godart, [1824]) Mexican Cycadian E & W Mexico to Nicaragua (S TX as very rare stray) M T S L1 L2 Eumaeus atala (Poey, 1832) Atala S FL, Bahamas, Cuba, Isla de Juventud M T S L I Eumaeus toxana (Boisduval, 1870) Toxana Venezuela to Bolivia M T Theorema Hewitson, 1865 Theorema sapho (Staudinger, 1888) Banded Cycadian Panama to Ecuador M T S HS Theorema eumenia Hewitson, 1865 Tailed Cycadian SE Mexico to Ecuador M T S1 S2 I Theorema pyrczia Bálint, 2010 Pyrcz's Tailed Cycadian Venezuela M T Theorema dysmenia Draudt, 1919 Dark Cycadian Colombia, ?Peru M T S Paiwarria Kaye, 1904 Paiwarria antinous (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865) Felders' Hairstreak S Mexico (CHIS) to Colombia M T S Paiwarria telemus (Cramer, 1775) Telemus Hairstreak Colombia to S Brazil M S Paiwarria venulius (Cramer, 1779) Venulius Hairstreak Colombia to S Brazil M T S Paiwarria aphaca (Hewitson, 1867) Aphaca Hairstreak C to S Brazil and Paraguay M T S Paiwarria episcopalis (Fassl, 1912) Episcopal Hairstreak Colombia M T Paiwarria chuchuvia J. Hall & Willmott, 2005 Chuchuvia Hairstreak Ecuador M T Paiwarria umbratus (Geyer, 1837) Thick-tailed Hairstreak E & W Mexico to Costa Rica M T S L I Mithras Hübner, [1819] Mithras nautes (Cramer, 1779) Nautes Mithras Venezuela to Peru & C Brazil M T S Mithras elis (Cramer, 1779) Elis Mithras E Ecuador & Peru to Surinam M T Mithras orobia (Hewitson, 1867) Orobia Mithras Ecuador to Bolivia & C Brazil M T S Mithras colombiensis (K. Johnson & Constantino, 1997) Colombian Mithras Colombia & S. Brazil M T S Mithras [n. sp.#1] Robbins, MS TL: Ecuador Mithras [n. sp.#2] Robbins, MS TL: Guatemala Mithras vossoroca (Bálint & Moser, 2001) Vossoroca Mithras S. Brazil Mithras [n. sp.#3] Robbins, MS TL: Panama Mithras [n. sp.#4] Robbins, MS TL: Ecuador Mithras [n. sp.#5] Robbins, MS TL: Ecuador Mithras oroanna (Bálint, 2002) Oroanna Mithras E Ecuador to Peru M T Mithras orobiana (Hewitson, 1867) Orobiana Mithras Amazonian region of Brazil M T Mithras orocana (H. Druce, 1912) Orocana Mithras Colombia to Peru M T S Mithras catrea (Hewitson, 1874) Catrea Mithras S Brazil M T Dabreras Bálint, [2008] Dabreras teucria (Hewitson, 1868) Double-patched Hairstreak Venezuela to Peru & C Brazil M T S Brangas Hübner, [1819] Brangas moserorum Bálint & Faynel, 2008 Mosers' Brangas Paraguay & S Brazil M T Brangas neora (Hewitson, 1867) Widespread Brangas E & W Mexico to S Brazil M T S L I Brangas rita (Goodson, 1945) Brown Brangas Panama & Colombia M T Brangas dydimaon (Cramer, 1777) Twin Brangas Colombia, Trinidad to Bolivia & C Brazil M T OI Brangas coccineifrons (Godman & Salvin, 1887) Black-veined Brangas SE Mexico to Colombia M T S Brangas torfrida (Hewitson, 1867) Torfrida Brangas C & S Brazil M S Brangas carthaea (Hewitson, 1868) Green-spotted Brangas E Mexico to Ecuador M T S L Brangas [n. sp.#1] Robbins, MS TL: Costa Rica Brangas getus (Fabricius, 1787) Bright Brangas SE Mexico to S Brazil, Trinidad M T S L Brangas caranus (Stoll, 1780) Caranus Brangas Venezuela to S Brazil M S Brangas [n. sp.#2] Robbins, MS TL: Venezuela Brangas rambutorum Bálint & Faynel, 2008 Rambuteau's Brangas Colombia & Venezuela M T Brangas neildonatus Bálint & Faynel, 2008 Neild's Brangas Venezuela M T Brangas silumena (Hewitson, 1867) Silumena Brangas Paraguay & S Brazil M T Brangas felderi (Goodson, 1945) Felders' Brangas Colombia & Ecuador M T Brangas [n. sp.#3] Robbins, MS TL: not specified Brangas polonus Bálint, 2008 Pyrcz's Brangas Peru & Bolivia M T Brangas insolitus Bálint & Faynel, 2008 Isolated Brangas Ecuador M T L Thaeides K. Johnson, Kruse & Kroenlein, 1997 Thaeides theia (Hewitson, 1870) Brown-barred Hairstreak SE Mexico to Bolivia & SE Brazil M T S Thaeides muela (Dyar, 1913) Muela Hairstreak Ecuador to Chile M T Thaeides goleta (Hewitson, 1877) Goleta Hairstreak Colombia M T Thaeides xavieri (Le Crom & K. Johnson, 1997) Xavier's Hairstreak Colombia M T Thaeides pyrczi (K. Johnson, Le Crom & Constantino, 1997) Pyrcz's Hairstreak Venezuela M T Enos K. Johnson, Kruse & Kroenlein, 1997 Enos falerina (Hewitson, 1867) Falerina Hairstreak S Mexico (CHIS) to S Brazil M T S L Enos thara (Hewitson, 1867) Thara Hairstreak SE Mexico to S Brazil M T S L Enos myrtea (Hewitson, 1867) Myrtea Hairstreak Colombia to C Brazil M T S Enos mazurka (Hewitson, 1867) Mazurka Hairstreak Brazil M T S Enos maculata (Lathy, 1936) Spotted Hairstreak Ecuador to C Brazil M T S Lamasina Robbins, 2002 Lamasina draudti (Lathy, 1926) Draudt's Hairstreak [= godmani], Guatemala to Colombia M T S L Lamasina lathyi (Bálint, 2005) Lathy's Hairstreak Ecuador, Peru M T S Lamasina ganimedes (Cramer, 1775) Ganimedes Hairstreak Amazonas & Guianas M T OI S HS Airamanna Bálint, 2009 Airamanna columbia (Bálint, 2005) Colombian Hairstreak Colombia M T S Airamanna rhaptissima (K. Johnson, 1991) Rhaptissima Hairstreak Colombia to Peru M T S Airamanna rhapsodia (Bálint, 2005) Rhapsodia Hairstreak Bolivia M T Evenus Hübner, [1819] Evenus regalis (Cramer, 1775) Regal Hairstreak E & W Mexico to S Brazil M S1 S2 L I1 I2 Evenus coronata (Hewitson, 1865) Crowned Hairstreak S Mexico (CHIS) to Ecuador M T S Evenus gabriela (Cramer, 1775) Gabriela Hairstreak Colombia to C Brazil M OI S L Evenus batesii (Hewitson, 1865) Bates’ Hairstreak [= teresina], SE Mexico to S Brazil M T S L Evenus candidus (H. Druce, 1907) Candid Hairstreak Panama to Amazonas M T S Evenus sponsa (Möschler, 1877) Sponsa Hairstreak Surinam and Guianas M T OI S Evenus sumptuosa (H. Druce, 1907) Sumptuosa Hairstreak Ecuador to S Brazil M T S Evenus tagyra (Hewitson, 1865) Tagyra Hairstreak Peru to C Brazil M T S Evenus floralia (H. Druce, 1907) Floral Hairstreak Peru to C Brazil M T Evenus temathea (Hewitson, 1865) Timid Hairstreak Panama to Guianas M T S Evenus satyroides (Hewitson, 1865) Satyr Hairstreak Colombia to S Brazil M T S Evenus latreillii (Hewitson, 1865) Latreille's Hairstreak Paraguay & S Brazil M T S Atlides Hübner, [1819] Atlides halesus (Cramer, 1777) Great Blue Hairstreak TL: USA (Va) Atlides halesus halesus (Cramer, 1777) SE USA to New England M T S1 S2 L1 L2 I Atlides halesus corcorani Clench, 1942 W OR, CA, SW USA, NW, NE & E Mexico M T S L I Ha Atlides halesus cynara (Godman & Salvin, 1887) C Mexico to Oaxaca M T S Ab Atlides gaumeri (Godman, 1901) White-tipped Hairstreak E & W Mexico to Panama M T S L Atlides [n. sp.#1] Robbins, MS TL: Peru Atlides dahnersi Bálint, Constantino & K. Johnson, 2003 Dahners' Hairstreak W Colombia M T Atlides polybe (Linnaeus, 1763) Black-veined Hairstreak E & W Mexico to S Brazil & N Argentina M S L I Atlides inachus (Cramer, 1775) Spying Hairstreak [= carpophora], SE Mexico to C Brazil M T S Atlides [n. sp.#2] Robbins, MS TL: Costa Rica Atlides cosa (Hewitson, 1867) Cosa Hairstreak S Brazil M T Atlides misma D'Abrera, 1995 Misma Hairstreak C & S Brazil, Paraguay M T Atlides atys (Cramer, 1779) Atys Hairstreak [= scamander], Panama to S Brazil M S L Atlides halljasoni Bálint, Kertész & Wojtusiak, 2006 Jason Hall's Hairstreak Ecuador M T Atlides bacis (Godman & Salvin, 1887) Bacis Hairstreak Belize to Peru & C Brazil M T S Atlides carpasia (Hewitson, 1868) Jeweled Hairstreak E & W Mexico to Panama M T S Ma L Atlides browni Constantino, Salazar & K. Johnson, 1993 Brown's Hairstreak Colombia M T Atlides rustan (Stoll, 1790) Rustan Hairstreak SE Mexico to S Brazil M T S L Atlides polama (Schaus, 1902) Polama Hairstreak C & S Brazil M T Atlides havila (Hewitson, 1865) Havila Hairstreak Colombia to Peru M T Atlides zava (Hewitson, 1878) Zava Hairstreak S Brazil M T Atlides thargelia (Burmeister, 1878) Thargelia Hairstreak Bolivia to Argentina M T Atlides [n. sp.#3] Robbins, MS TL: Brazil (Ba) Arcas Swainson, 1832 Arcas imperialis (Cramer, 1775) Imperial Arcas SE Mexico to Guianas, Bolivia, Argentina & S Brazil M T OI S L Arcas ducalis (Westwood, 1852) Ducal Arcas S Brazil (ES to RS) M T S Arcas cypria (Geyer, 1837) Mexican Arcas E & W Mexico to Colombia & Venezuela M T OI S1 S2 L I Ha Arcas gozmanyi (Bálint, 2006) Gozmány’s Arcas Costa Rica to W Colombia & W Ecuador M T S Arcas splendor (H. Druce, 1907) Splendid Arcas Andean Region of Colombia and E Ecuador M T OI Arcas alleluia Bálint, 2002 Bare Arcas Andean Region of Peru M T OI S Arcas jivaro Nicolay, 1971 Hidden Arcas E slope of the Andes in Ecuador to Bolivia M T G Arcas delphia Nicolay, 1971 Nicolay's Arcas E slope of Costa Rica to W Colombia & W Ecuador M T S Arcas tuneta (Hewitson, 1865) Frosted Arcas E Colombia, E Ecuador, E Peru, Bolivia to Guianas and W & S Brazil Arcas tuneta tuneta (Hewitson, 1865) E Colombia, E Ecuador, E Peru, Bolivia to W Brazil & Guianas M T HS G Arcas tuneta arcadia Bálint, 2002 S Brazil M T Pseudolycaena Wallengren, 1858 Pseudolycaena damo (H. Druce, 1875) Sky-blue Hairstreak E & W Mexico to Colombia, W Ecuador & Venezuela M T S L1 L2 I1 I2 Pseudolycaena marsyas (Linnaeus, 1758) Marsyas Hairstreak ?Nicaragua and Trinidad-Tobago to S Brazil & Argentina M T S L Pseudolycaena cybele (Godman & Salvin, 1896) St. Vincent Hairstreak St. Vincent M T S L Theritas Hübner, 1818 Theritas mavors Hübner, 1818 Deep-green Hairstreak SE Mexico to Guianas M T S1 S2 L I Theritas triquetra (Hewitson, 1865) TL: Brazil M T S Theritas paupera (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865) TL: Colombia M T Theritas drucei (Lathy, 1926) TL: Brazil (SC) M T Theritas harrietta (Weeks, 1901) TL: Bolivia M T Theritas danaus (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865) TL: Venezuela M T Theritas margaritacea (Draudt, 1919) TL: Colombia M T Theritas [n. sp.#1] Robbins, MS TL: Peru Theritas adamsi (H. Druce, 1909) TL: Peru M T S Theritas anna (H. Druce, 1907) TL: Colombia M T Theritas hemon (Cramer, 1775) Pale-clubbed Hairstreak SE Mexico to S Brazil M T S1 S2 L1 L2 I Theritas phegeus (Hewitson, 1865) TL: Brazil (Ba); "Amazon" M T S Theritas augustula (W. F. Kirby, 1877) Augustula Hairstreak Nicaragua & Costa Rica M T S I Theritas arene (Goodson, 1945) TL: Peru M T Theritas monica (Hewitson, 1867) TL: Venezuela M T Theritas acontius (Goodson, 1945) TL: Colombia M T Theritas chaluma (Schaus, 1902) TL: Brazil (SC) M T Theritas deniva (Hewitson, 1874) TL: Brazil M T Theritas curitabaensis (K. Johnson, 1992) TL: Brazil (Pr) M T Theritas augustinula (Goodson, 1945) Augustinula Hairstreak E & S Mexico to Panama M T S L Theritas theocritus (Fabricius, 1793) Pearly Hairstreak E & S Mexico to Colombia M T S L Theritas viresco (H. Druce, 1907) TL: Brazil (Ma) M T S Theritas [n. sp.#2] Robbins, MS TL: Brazil (SC) Theritas [n. sp.#3] Robbins, MS TL: Peru Theritas lisus (Stoll, 1790) Lisus Hairstreak [= hisbon], SE Mexico to S Brazil M T S L I Theritas crines (H. Druce, 1907) Crines Hairstreak Panama to Colombia M T S Johnsonita Salazar & Constantino, 1995 Johnsonita auda (Hewitson, 1867) Auda Hairstreak Panama to Venezuela M T S Johnsonita [n. sp.#1] Robbins, MS TL: Ecuador Johnsonita [n. sp.#2] Robbins, MS TL: Ecuador Johnsonita chlamydem (H. Druce, 1907) TL: Peru M T S Johnsonita pardoa (D'Abrera, 1995) TL: Colombia M T Johnsonita [n. sp.#3] Robbins, MS TL: Ecuador Johnsonita [n. sp.#4] Robbins, MS TL: Peru Johnsonita [n. sp.#5] Robbins, MS TL: Bolivia Johnsonita catadupa (Hewitson, 1869) TL: Ecuador M T Johnsonita [n. sp.#6] Robbins, MS TL: Ecuador Johnsonita [n. sp.#7] Robbins, MS TL: Peru Johnsonita johnsoni Salazar & Constantino, 1995 TL: Colombia M T Johnsonita [n. sp.#8] Robbins, MS TL: Ecuador Johnsonita [n. sp.#9] Robbins, MS TL: Ecuador Johnsonita assula (Draudt, 1919) TL: Colombia M T Brevianta K. Johnson, Kruse & Kroenlein, 1997 Brevianta busa (Godman & Salvin, 1887) White-scalloped Hairstreak E & W Mexico to Costa Rica M T S L Brevianta perpenna (Godman & Salvin, 1887) Perpenna Hairstreak Panama M T OI Brevianta undulata (Hewitson, 1867) TL: Colombia M T S Brevianta undulella (Strand, 1918) TL: Colombia M T Brevianta ematheon (Cramer, 1777) TL: Surinam M S Brevianta bathoryon Bálint & Wojtusiak, 2011 Bathory Hairstreak Colombia & Ecuador M T Brevianta celelata (Hewitson, 1874) TL: Brazil M T Brevianta tolmides (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865) White-frosted Hairstreak Nicaragua to Colombia M T S Brevianta hyas (Godman & Salvin, 1887) Hyas Hairstreak C Mexico to Costa Rica M T S L Brevianta saphonota (Constantino, Salazar & K. Johnson, 1993) Colombia & Ecuador M T S Ianusanta Bálint, 2011 Ianusanta ianusi Bálint, 2011 Peru M T Micandra Staudinger, 1888 Micandra platyptera (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865) Platyptera Hairstreak Costa Rica, Venezuela to Bolivia M T S L Micandra ion (H. Druce, 1890) TL: Colombia M T Micandra extrema (Draudt, 1919) TL: Colombia M T Micandra comae (H. Druce, 1907) TL: Colombia M T Micandra aegides (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865) TL: Venezuela; Colombia M T S Micandra [n. sp.] Robbins, MS Peru Micandra tongida Clench, 1971 Tongida Hairstreak C Mexico M T S L Micandra cyda (Godman & Salvin, 1887) Cyda Hairstreak [= furina], S Mexico to Costa Rica M T S L Micandra dignota (Draudt, 1919) TL: Colombia M T Micandra sylvana (Jörgensen, 1934) TL: Argentina M T S Rhamma K. Johnson, 1992 Rhamma commodus (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865) TL: Venezuela; Colombia M T Rhamma familiaris (K. Johnson, 1991) TL: Bolivia M T Rhamma oxida (Hewitson, 1870) TL: Ecuador M T Rhamma inexpectata K. Johnson, 1992 TL: Peru M T Rhamma [n. sp.] Robbins, MS Ecuador Rhamma tyrrius (H. Druce, 1907) TL: Ecuador M T Rhamma amethystina (Hayward, 1949) TL: Argentina M T Rhamma adriana (K. Johnson, 1992) TL: Peru M T Rhamma adunca (Draudt, 1919) TL: Colombia M T Rhamma livida Torres & K. Johnson, 1997 TL: Colombia M T Rhamma aurugo (Draudt, 1919) TL: Peru M T Rhamma shapiroi (K. Johnson, 1992) TL: Colombia M T Rhamma mishma (Hewitson, 1878) TL: Colombia M T Rhamma comstocki K. Johnson, 1992 TL: Colombia M T Rhamma hybla (H. Druce, 1907) TL: Ecuador M T Rhamma catamarca K. Johnson, 1992 TL: Argentina M T Rhamma arria (Hewitson, 1870) TL: Ecuador M T Rhamma nigrasarotina K. Johnson, 1992 TL: Peru M T Rhamma tarma K. Johnson, 1992 TL: Peru M T Rhamma confusa (Jörgensen, 1934) TL: Argentina Rhamma lapazensis (K. Johnson, 1992) TL: Bolivia M T Rhamma brunea (K. Johnson, 1992) TL: Argentina M T Rhamma coquimbiensis (K. Johnson, 1992) TL: Chile Rhamma bilix (Draudt, 1919) TL: Colombia M T Rhamma anosma (Draudt, 1919) TL: Colombia M T Rhamma magenta K. Johnson, 1992 TL: Peru M T Rhamma tolimensis (K. Johnson, 1992) TL: Colombia M T Phothecla Robbins, 2004 Phothecla photismos (H. Druce, 1907) TL: Ecuador M T Phothecla margarita (Draudt, 1920) TL: Bolivia M T Phothecla thespia (Hewitson, 1870) TL: Ecuador M T Salazaria D'Abrera & Bálint, 2001 Salazaria sala (Hewitson, 1867) TL: Colombia M T S Salazaria elizabetha (Salazar, Vélez & K. Johnson, 1997) TL: Colombia M T Salazaria [n. sp.#1] Robbins, MS TL: Ecuador Salazaria [n. sp.#2] Robbins, MS TL: Ecuador Salazaria [n. sp.#3] Robbins, MS TL: Ecuador Salazaria [n. sp.#4] Robbins, MS TL: Ecuador Salazaria [n. sp.#5] Robbins, MS TL: Peru Timaeta K. Johnson, Kruse & Kroenlein, 1997 Timaeta timaeus (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865) TL: Colombia M T S Timaeta christina Robbins & R. Busby, 2008 TL: Peru Timaeta molinopampa (Bálint & Wojtusiak, 2000) TL: Peru Timaeta werneri (Salazar, Vélez, Cardona & K. Johnson, 1997) TL: Colombia M T Timaeta matthewi R. Busby & Robbins , 2008 TL: Ecuador Timaeta walteri R. Busby & Robbins , 2008 TL: Ecuador Timaeta trochus (H. Druce, 1907) TL: Colombia M T Timaeta roberti R. Busby & Robbins , 2008 TL: Ecuador Timaeta aepea (Hewitson, 1874) TL: Ecuador M T Timaeta cospata Robbins & R. Busby, 2008 TL: Peru Timaeta eronos (H. Druce, 1890) TL: Colombia M T Timaeta pilosa Robbins & R. Busby, 2008 TL: Ecuador Timaeta gabriela R. Busby & Robbins , 2008 TL: Ecuador Timaeta romero Robbins & R. Busby, 2008 TL: Venezuela Timaeta balzabamba (Goodson, 1945) TL: Venezuela; Ecuador M T S Temecla Robbins, 2004 Temecla tema (Hewitson, 1867) TL: Brazil M T Temecla paron (Godman & Salvin, 1887) Paron Hairstreak E Mexico to Panama M T S Temecla [n. sp.#1] Robbins, MS TL: Venezuela Temecla [n. sp.#2] Robbins, MS TL: Bolivia Temecla [n. sp.#3] Robbins, MS TL: Peru Temecla heraclides (Godman & Salvin, 1887) Heraclides Hairstreak S Mexico (CHIS) to ... M T OI Temecla sergius (Godman & Salvin, 1887) TL: Venezuela M T Temecla bennetti (Dyar, 1913) TL: Peru M T Temecla peona (Hewitson, 1874) TL: ? M T Ipidecla Dyar, 1916 Ipidecla miadora Dyar, 1916 West-Mexican Ipidecla W Mexico (SIN to GRO) M T S L Ipidecla schausi (Godman & Salvin, 1887) Schaus’ Ipidecla E Mexico to Paraguay M T S L Ipidecla crepundia (H. Druce, 1909) Whitened Ipidecla Peru to Trinidad M T S L Penaincisalia K. Johnson, 1990 Penaincisalia loxurina (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865) TL: Colombia M T S Penaincisalia alcacera (Bálint, Attal, Boyer & Wojtusaik, 2004) TL: Ecuador Penaincisalia santamarta (Bálint & Wojtusaik, 2004) TL: Colombia M T Penaincisalia chachapoya (Bálint & Wojtusiak, 2003) Chachapoya Penelfin TL: Peru Penaincisalia tegulina (Bálint & Boyer, 2008) Tegulina Penelfin TL: Peru M T Penaincisalia atymna (Hewitson, 1870) TL: Ecuador M T S Penaincisalia felizitas Bálint, 2004 Felizitas Penelfin TL: Peru M T Penaincisalia sigsiga (Bálint, Le Crom & Wojtusaik, 2004) Sigsig Penelfin TL: Ecuador Penaincisalia cillutincarae (Draudt, 1919) TL: Bolivia M T Penaincisalia [n. sp.#1] Robbins, MS TL: Peru Penaincisalia browni (K. Johnson, 1992) TL: Ecuador M T S Penaincisalia regala (Le Crom & K. Johnson, 1997) TL: Colombia M T Penaincisalia elisabeth Prieto, 2010 Elisabeth's Penelfin TL: Colombia M T G Penaincisalia saraha (K. Johnson, 1992) TL: Ecuador M T S G Penaincisalia vittata (K. Johnson, 1992) TL: Ecuador M T S Penaincisalia cuiva Prieto & Rodriguez, 2007 Cuiva Penelfin TL: Colombia Penaincisalia magnifica (K. Johnson, 1992) TL: Colombia M T Penaincisalia purpurea (K. Johnson, 1992) TL: Peru M T Penaincisalia amazona (Bálint & Wojtusiak, 2003) TL: Peru Penaincisalia caeruleanota J. Hall & Willmott, 2005 TL: Ecuador Penaincisalia amatamba Prieto, Boyer, Le Crom & Bálint, 2007 Cuiva Penelfin TL: Ecuador Penaincisalia balzapamba (K. Johnson, 1992) TL: Ecuador M T Penaincisalia ismaeli R. Busby & J. Hall, 2005 TL: Ecuador Penaincisalia dominiquae (Bálint, Boyer & Prieto, 2007) Dominique's Penelfin TL: Peru M T Penaincisalia duviolsi (Bálint, Boyer & Wojtusaik, 2006) Duviols' Penelfin TL: Peru M T Penaincisalia oxapampa (Bálint, Boyer & Wojtusaik, 2006) Oxapampa Penelfin TL: Peru Penaincisalia molipampa (Bálint, Boyer & Wojtusaik, 2006) Molinopampa Penelfin TL: Peru Penaincisalia falcatamba (Bálint, Boyer & Wojtusaik, 2006) Sicklemargined Penelfin TL: Peru Penaincisalia swarthea (Le Crom & K. Johnson, 1997) TL: Colombia M T Penaincisalia bimediana K. Johnson, 1990 TL: Ecuador M T S Penaincisalia cyanomediana (K. Johnson, 1992) TL: Ecuador M T Penaincisalia [n. sp.#2] Robbins, MS TL: Ecuador Penaincisalia contraloxurina (K. Johnson, 1992) TL: Colombia M T Penaincisalia amatista (Dognin, 1895) TL: Ecuador M T S Penaincisalia [n. sp.#3] Robbins, MS TL: Peru Penaincisalia albalineata (K. Johnson, 1992) TL: "Argentina" M T Penaincisalia [n. sp.#4] Robbins, MS TL: Peru Penaincisalia [n. sp.#5] Robbins, MS TL: Peru Penaincisalia [n. sp.#6] Robbins, MS TL: Ecuador Penaincisalia penai K. Johnson, 1990 TL: Ecuador M T S Penaincisalia downeyi K. Johnson, 1990 TL: Colombia M T Penaincisalia rawlinsi K. Johnson, 1990 TL: Peru M T Penaincisalia culminicola (Staudinger, 1894) TL: Bolivia M T Penaincisalia biophot Bálint & Wojtusaik, 2008 Biophot Penelfin TL: Peru M T Penaincisalia caudata K. Johnson, 1990 TL: Peru M T Penaincisalia alatus (H. Druce, 1907) TL: Peru M T Penaincisalia [n. sp.#7] Lamas & Robbins, MS TL: Peru Penaincisalia [n. sp.#8] Lamas & Robbins, MS TL: Peru Penaincisalia [n. sp.#9] Lamas & Robbins, MS TL: Peru Penaincisalia [n. sp.#10] Lamas & Robbins, MS TL: Peru Penaincisalia [n. sp.#11] Lamas & Robbins, MS TL: Peru Penaincisalia [n. sp.#12] Lamas & Robbins, MS TL: Bolivia Penaincisalia aurulenta K. Johnson, 1990 TL: Peru M T Penaincisalia perezi Bálint, 2001 TL: Peru Penaincisalia descimoni K. Johnson, 1990 TL: Peru M T Penaincisalia lamasi Bálint, 2001 TL: Peru Penaincisalia [n. sp.#13] Lamas & Robbins, MS TL: Peru Penaincisalia juliae J. Hall & Willmott, 2005 TL: Ecuador Penaincisalia andreae R. Busby & J. Hall, 2005 TL: Ecuador Penaincisalia libertada J. Hall, 2005 TL: Peru Podanotum Torres & K. Johnson, 1996 Podanotum metallicus Torres & K. Johnson, 1996 Metallic Podelfin TL: Colombia M T Podanotum clarissimus J. Hall, Willmott & K. Johnson, 1996 Bright Podelfin TL: Ecuador M T Podanotum melanissimum Bálint & Wojtusaik, 2006 Melanic Podelfin TL: Ecuador M T Podanotum glorissimum Bálint & Wojtusiak, 2002 Glorious Podelfin TL: Peru Podanotum andrewneildi Bálint, 2001 Andrew Neild's Podelfin TL: Venezuela M T Podanotum paramosa (Constantino & Salazar, 1998) Paramosa Podelfin TL: Colombia Podanotum vanewrighti (K. Johnson & Adams, 1993) Vane-Wrighti's Podelfin TL: Colombia M T Podanotum aquaphilum Bálint & Attal, 2007 Hydropilic Podelfin TL: Ecuador M T Podanotum magnificum Bálint & Attal, 2007 Magnificent Podelfin TL: Ecuador M T Podanotum [n. sp.#1] Robbins, MS TL: Ecuador Podanotum [n. sp.#2] Robbins, MS TL: Ecuador Podanotum salaeides (Draudt, 1919) Salaeides Podelfin TL: Colombia M T S Busbiina Robbins, 2004 Busbiina bosora (Hewitson, 1870) TL: Ecuador M T Thereus Hübner, [1819] Thereus cithonius (Godart, [1824]) Pale-lobed Hairstreak E & W Mexico to Argentina M T S L Thereus wojtusiaki Bálint, 2006 TL: Ecuador M T Thereus gabathana (Strand, 1918) TL: Colombia M T Thereus molena (E. Jones, 1912) TL: Brazil (Pr) M T Thereus [n. sp.#1] Robbins, MS TL: Brazil (Ba) Thereus guianivaga (K. Johnson, 1989) TL: Venezuela M T Thereus [n. sp.#2] Robbins, MS TL: Guatemala Thereus [n. sp.#3] Robbins, MS TL: Panama Thereus lutzi (Huntington, 1932) Lutz's Hairstreak Panama M T S Thereus caltha (H. Druce, 1907) TL: Brazil (Pa) M T Thereus enenia (Hewitson, 1867) Enenia Hairstreak Guianas to C Brazil M T Thereus [n. sp.#4] Robbins, MS Nicaragua to Panama Thereus oppia (Godman & Salvin, 1887) Oppia Hairstreak Mexico to Nicaragua M T S L Thereus [n. sp.#5] Robbins, MS TL: Panama Thereus orasus (Godman & Salvin, 1887) Crimson-spot Hairstreak Mexico to Panama M T S L Thereus ortalus (Godman & Salvin, 1887) Ortalus Hairstreak Mexico to S Brazil M T S L I Ha Thereus [n. sp.#6] Robbins, MS TL: Ecuador Thereus praxis (Godman & Salvin, 1887) Praxis Hairstreak Costa Rica to N Brazil M T S Thereus pedusa (Hewitson, 1867) Pedusa Hairstreak Panama to Amazonas M T S Thereus lausus (Cramer, 1779) Lausus Hairstreak S Mexico (CHIS) to Guianas, Amazonas M S L I Thereus timoclea (Hewitson, 1870) Timoclea Hairstreak Panama to Ecuador M T S Thereus ismarus (Cramer, 1777) TL: Surinam M T Thereus phalanthus (Stoll, 1780) TL: Surinam M T Thereus genena (Hewitson, 1867) TL: Brazil (Pa) M T Thereus tiasa (Hewitson, 1869) TL: Brazil M T Thereus [n. sp.#7] Robbins, MS TL: Brazil (Am) Thereus endera (Hewitson, 1867) TL: Brazil (Am) M T S Thereus columbicola (Strand, 1916) TL: Colombia M T Thereus eryssus (Herbst, 1800) TL: Surinam M S Thereus illex (Schaus, 1902) TL: Colombia M T Thereus [n. sp.#8] Robbins, MS TL: Peru Thereus pseudarcula (Giacomelli, 1914) TL: Argentina M T Rekoa Kaye, 1904 Rekoa meton (Cramer, 1779) Meton Hairstreak E & W Mexico to Bolivia, Paraguay, S Brazil, Venezuela to Guianas, Trinidad M T S L Rekoa malina (Hewitson, 1867) TL: Brazil M T Rekoa palegon (Cramer, 1780) Gold-bordered Hairstreak S TX, E & W Mexico to N Argentina, Venezuela to Guianas, Trinidad, Tobago M T S L1 L2 I Rekoa zebina (Hewitson, 1869) Zebina Hairstreak E & W Mexico to NW Costa Rica M T S Rekoa bourkei (Kaye, [1925]) Jamaican Hairstreak Jamaica M S Rekoa abeja (K. Johnson & Matusik, 1988) Hispaniolan Hairstreak Hispaniola M T OI G Rekoa marius (Lucas, 1857) Marius Hairstreak S TX, E & W Mexico to Bolivia, Paraguay, SE Brazil, Venezuela, Trinidad M T S L1 L2 I1 I2 Rekoa stagira (Hewitson, 1867) Smudged Hairstreak E & W Mexico to Paraguay, SE Brazil, Guianas, Trinidad, Venezuela M T S L Arawacus Kaye, 1904 Arawacus togarna (Hewitson, 1867) Togarna Hairstreak SE Mexico to Amazonas M T S1 S2 L1 L2 L3 I Arawacus lincoides (Draudt, 1917) TL: [Colombia] M T Arawacus aetolus (Sulzer, 1776) TL: "Cape of Good Hope" M T Arawacus separata (Lathy, 1926) TL: Peru M T Arawacus aethesa (Hewitson, 1867) TL: Brazil (Ba) M T Arawacus sito (Boisduval, 1836) Fine-lined Hairstreak E & W Mexico to Costa Rica M T S1 S2 L I Arawacus leucogyna (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865) Leucogyna Hairstreak Belize to Venezuela & Peru M T S L Arawacus meliboeus (Fabricius, 1793) TL: "India" M T Arawacus jada (Hewitson, 1867) Creamy Hairstreak S AZ (as vagrant), E & W Mexico to Costa Rica M T S L I Arawacus ellida (Hewitson, 1867) TL: Venezuela M T Arawacus hypocrita (Schaus, 1913) Pallid Hairstreak E & S Mexico to Costa Rica M T S L Arawacus dolylas (Cramer, 1777) Dolylas Hairstreak Panama to Surinam & S Brazil M T S L Arawacus dumenilii (Godart, [1824]) Dumenil's Hairstreak Honduras, Panama to Guianas, Trinidad M T S Arawacus euptychia (Draudt, 1920) TL: Brazil Arawacus tadita (Hewitson, 1877) TL: Brazil M T Arawacus binangula (Schaus, 1902) TL: "Peru" M T Arawacus tarania (Hewitson, 1868) TL: Brazil (MG) M T Contrafacia K. Johnson, 1989 Contrafacia bassania (Hewitson, 1868) White-etched Hairstreak Mexico to Colombia M T S L Contrafacia marmoris (H. Druce, 1907) TL: Colombia M T Contrafacia ahola (Hewitson, 1867) Half-Blue Hairstreak Mexico to Venezuela M T S L Contrafacia imma (Prittwitz, 1865) Imma Hairstreak Mexico to S Brazil M T S L Contrafacia francis (Weeks, 1901) TL: Bolivia M T Contrafacia muattina (Schaus, 1902) TL: Brazil (Pr) M T Contrafacia catharina (Draudt, 1920) TL: Brazil (SC) M T Contrafacia [n. sp.] Robbins, MS Peru Kolana Robbins, 2004 Kolana ligurina (Hewitson, 1874) Ligurina Hairstreak E & W Mexico to Brazil M T S1 S2 L Kolana [n. sp.] Robbins, MS Brazil (SC) Kolana buccina (H. Druce, 1907) TL: Brazil (MT/Pa) M T Kolana lyde (Godman & Salvin, 1887) Lyde Hairstreak E & W Mexico to Venezuela M T S L Kolana ergina (Hewitson, 1867) TL: "Jamaica" M T Kolana chlamys (H. Druce, 1907) TL: Paraguay M T Satyrium Scudder, 1876 Satyrium fuliginosa (W. H. Edwards, 1861) Western Sooty Hairstreak TL: USA (Ca) Satyrium fuliginosa fuliginosa (W. H. Edwards, 1861) TL: USA (Ca) M T TI S Satyrium fuliginosa tildeni Mattoon & Austin, 1998 TL: USA (Ca) M T1 T2 S L Ha Satyrium fuliginosa albolineatum Mattoon & Austin, 1998 TL: USA (Ca) M S Satyrium fuliginosa E Klamath drainage segregate , CSNM, Jackson Co., OR, to vic Weed, Siskiyou Co. CA M S L Satyrium semiluna Klots, 1930 Sagebrush Sooty Hairstreak TL: USA (Wy) Satyrium semiluna semiluna Klots, 1930 TL: USA (Wy) M S L I Ha Satyrium semiluna maculadistinctum Mattoon & Austin, 1998 TL: USA (Nv) M T S L1 L2 Satyrium semiluna Columbia Basin segregate , Columbia Basin, S BC to N OR M S L1 L2 Ha Satyrium semiluna Pine Mtn. segregate , Pine Mountain, Deschutes Co., OR; similar in Ochocos M S L Ha Satyrium semiluna C OR Cascades segregate , Cascades of C OR (e.g., Three Creeks Meadow, Deschutes Co.) M S L1 L2 Ha Satyrium semiluna Mt. Hood segregate , Mt. Hood, Clackamas / Hood River Cos., OR M S L1 L2 Ha Satyrium behrii (W. H. Edwards, 1870) Behr's Hairstreak TL: USA (Ca) Satyrium behrii behrii (W. H. Edwards, 1870) S CA, N through Sierra Nevada & Cascades to C WA M S L1 L2 I H Satyrium behrii columbia (McDunnough, 1944) [often considered a synonym of S. b. behrii], Chelan Co. WA, northward M S Satyrium behrii northern intermontane segregate , NE OR, S ID, NE WY, N UT, NW CO M S1 S2 L Ha Satyrium behrii southern intermontane segregate , SE NV to C UT, S to C AZ M S L Satyrium behrii crossi (W. D. Field, 1938) SE WY, E & S CO, N NM, far SE UT, far NE AZ M T S L Ha Satyrium acadica (W. H. Edwards, 1862) Acadian Hairstreak TL: Canada (On) Satyrium acadica acadica (W. H. Edwards, 1862) TL: Canada (On) M S L Satyrium acadica montanensis (F. Watson & W. Comstock, 1920) TL: USA (Mt) M T S L Ha Satyrium californica (W. H. Edwards, 1862) California Hairstreak TL: USA (Ca) Satyrium californica californica (W. H. Edwards, 1862) TL: USA (Ca) M T S L1 L2 I Ha Satyrium californica cygnus (W. H. Edwards, 1871) TL: USA (Nv) M T S L Satyrium californica obscurafacies Austin, 1998 [= brashor], SE BC to NE NV M T S1 S2 L1 L2 Ha Satyrium californica wapiti M. Fisher, 2006 TL: USA (Co) M T Satyrium californica CO-WY Front Range segregate , Front Range of CO & SE WY M S Satyrium sylvinus (Boisduval, 1852) Sylvan Hairstreak TL: USA (Ca) Satyrium sylvinus sylvinus (Boisduval, 1852) TL: USA (Ca) M T TI S L Ha Satyrium sylvinus nootka M. Fisher, 1998 TL: Canada (BC) M T S L Ha Satyrium sylvinus putnami (H. Edwards, 1877) TL: USA (Ut) M T S1 S2 L Ha Satyrium sylvinus megapallidum Austin, 1998 TL: USA (Nv) M T S L Ha Satyrium sylvinus C Columbia Basin segregate , C Columbia Basin, WA M S Satyrium sylvinus itys (W. H. Edwards, 1882) TL: USA (Az) M T S L Satyrium sylvinus desertorum (F. Grinnell, 1917) TL: USA (Ca) M T S L I Satyrium sylvinus dryope (W. H. Edwards, 1870) TL: USA ([Ca]) M T S L Satyrium titus (Fabricius, 1793) Coral Hairstreak TL: USA (Ga) Satyrium titus titus (Fabricius, 1793) TL: USA (Ga) M S L1 L2 Satyrium titus winteri (Gatrelle, 2004) TL: USA (Ma) M T S1 S2 L Satyrium titus campus (Gatrelle, 2004) TL: USA (Ia) M T S L I Satyrium titus watsoni (W. Barnes & Benjamin, 1926) TL: USA (Tx) M T S L Satyrium titus immaculosus (W. Comstock, 1913) TL: USA (Ut) M S L Ha Satyrium titus carrizozo R. Holland, 2010 TL: USA (NM) Satyrium titus occidentalis (Austin & J. Emmel, 1998) TL: USA (Nv) M T S L Satyrium edwardsii (Grote & Robinson, 1867) Edwards' Hairstreak TL: Canada (On) Satyrium edwardsii edwardsii (Grote & Robinson, 1867) TL: Canada (On) M S L1 L2 I Ha Satyrium edwardsii meridionale Gatrelle, 2001 TL: USA (SC) M T1 T2 L Satyrium calanus (Hübner, [1809]) Banded Hairstreak TL: ? Satyrium calanus calanus (Hübner, [1809]) TL: ? M S1 S2 L Satyrium calanus falacer (Godart, [1824]) TL: USA (Pa) M T S1 S2 L1 L2 L3 Ha Satyrium calanus godarti (W. D. Field, 1938) TL: USA (Co) M T S L1 L2 Ha Satyrium calanus albidus Scott, 1981 TL: USA (Co) M T S1 S2 Satyrium caryaevorus (McDunnough, 1942) Hickory Hairstreak TL: Canada (On) M S L Satyrium kingi (Klots & Clench, 1952) King's Hairstreak TL: USA (Ga) M S L1 L2 H Satyrium liparops (Le Conte, 1833) Striped Hairstreak TL: USA (Ga) Satyrium liparops floridensis Gatrelle, 2001 TL: USA (Fl) M T1 T2 S L H Satyrium liparops liparops (Le Conte, 1833) TL: USA (Ga) M T S L Satyrium liparops strigosa (T. Harris, 1862) TL: USA (Ma) M S L Ha Satyrium liparops fletcheri (Michener & dos Passos, 1942) TL: Canada (Mb) M T S Satyrium liparops aliparops (Michener & dos Passos, 1942) TL: USA (Co) M S L Satyrium auretorum (Boisduval, 1852) Gold-hunter’s Hairstreak TL: USA (Ca) Satyrium auretorum auretorum (Boisduval, 1852) TL: USA (Ca) M T S L Satyrium auretorum spadix (H. Edwards, 1881) TL: USA (Ca) M T S L H Satyrium auretorum fumosum J. Emmel & Mattoni, 1990 TL: USA (Ca) M T Satyrium tetra (W. H. Edwards, 1870) Mountain Mahogany Hairstreak Baja California (N) to N CA Satyrium tetra Northern segregate , SE Oregon, NE CA, N W NV M S Satyrium tetra tetra (W. H. Edwards, 1870) TL: USA (Ca) M T S L1 L2 I Ha Satyrium saepium (Boisduval, 1852) Hedgerow Hairstreak TL: USA (Ca) Satyrium saepium saepium (Boisduval, 1852) TL: USA (Ca) M T TI S L Ha Satyrium saepium fulvescens (H. Edwards, 1877) TL: USA (Ca) M T Satyrium saepium chalcis (W. H. Edwards, 1869) [= fulvescens] M T S1 S2 L I Satyrium saepium rubrotenebrosum J. Emmel, T. Emmel & Mattoon, 1998 TL: USA (Ca) M T S Satyrium saepium caliginosum J. Emmel, T. Emmel & Mattoon, 1998 TL: USA (Ca) M T S L1 L2 Ha Satyrium saepium chlorophora (F. Watson & W. Comstock, 1920) TL: USA (Ca) M T L Satyrium saepium subaridum J. Emmel, T. Emmel & Mattoon, 1998 TL: USA (Ca) M T S L Ha Satyrium saepium obscurofuscum Austin, 1998 TL: USA (Nv) M T Satyrium saepium latalinea Austin & Savage, 1998 TL: USA (Ut) M T1 T2 S Satyrium saepium provo (F. Watson & W. Comstock, 1920) TL: USA (Ut) M T S L Ha Satyrium favonius (J. E. Smith, 1797) Oak Hairstreak TL: USA (Ga) Satyrium favonius ontario (W. H. Edwards, 1868) TL: Canada (On) M S L Ha Satyrium favonius autolycus (W. H. Edwards, 1871) TL: USA (Tx) M T S L I Satyrium favonius violae (D. Stallings & J. Turner, 1947) TL: USA (NM) M T S Satyrium favonius favonius (J. E. Smith, 1797) TL: USA (Ga) M S1 S2 Ab L Ha Satyrium ilavia (Beutenmüller, 1899) Ilavia Hairstreak TL: "USA (Tx)" M T S L1 L2 I Ha Satyrium polingi (W. Barnes & Benjamin, 1926) Poling’s Hairstreak TL: USA (Tx) Satyrium polingi organensis (Ferris, 1980) TL: USA (NM) M T Satyrium polingi polingi (W. Barnes & Benjamin, 1926) TL: USA (Tx) M T S L Ha Phaeostrymon Clench, 1961 Phaeostrymon alcestis (W. H. Edwards, 1871) Soapberry Hairstreak TL: USA (Tx) Phaeostrymon alcestis alcestis (W. H. Edwards, 1871) TL: USA (Tx) M T S L I Phaeostrymon alcestis oslari (Dyar, 1904) TL: USA (Az) M T S L I Ha Ocaria Clench, 1970 Ocaria clenchi (K. Johnson, 1992) Clench's Hairstreak Mexico, El Salvador M T S L Ocaria [n. sp.#1] Robbins, MS TL: Panama Ocaria aholiba (Hewitson, 1867) Colombian Hairstreak Costa Rica to Venezuela M T S Ocaria [n. sp.#2] Robbins, MS TL: Brazil (SP) Ocaria clepsydra (H. Druce, 1907) TL: Colombia M T Ocaria arpoxais (Godman & Salvin, 1887) Blue-spotted Hairstreak Mexico to Panama M T S Ocaria cinerea (Lathy, 1936) TL: Brazil (RS) M T Ocaria [n. sp.#3] Robbins, MS TL: Guyana Ocaria sadiei (Weeks, 1901) TL: Bolivia M T Ocaria petelina (Hewitson, 1877) Petelina Hairstreak SE Mexico to Panama M T S L Ocaria elvira (K. Johnson, 1992) TL: Peru M T Ocaria calesia (Hewitson, 1870) TL: Ecuador M T S Ocaria elongata (Hewitson, 1870) TL: Ecuador M T Ocaria thales (Fabricius, 1793) Thales Blackstreak Mexico to S Brazil and Argentina M T S L Ocaria arcula (H. Druce, 1907) TL: Argentina M T Ocaria ocrisia (Hewitson, 1868) Black Hairstreak Mexico to S Brazil and Argentina M T S L1 L2 L3 I Chlorostrymon Clench, 1961 Chlorostrymon simaethis (Drury, 1773) Silver-banded Hairstreak TL: St. Kitts Chlorostrymon simaethis sarita (Skinner, 1895) Mexico to Panama M T S L1 L2 I H Chlorostrymon simaethis simaethis (Drury, 1773) S Florida, (most) Greater & Lesser Antilles, S Am. to Argentina M S L I Chlorostrymon simaethis rosario Nicolay, 1980 TL: Ecuador M T Chlorostrymon simaethis jago (W. Comstock & Huntington, 1943) Jamaica M T S Chlorostrymon kuscheli (Ureta, 1949) TL: Chile M T Chlorostrymon maesites (Herrich-Schäffer, 1865) Amethyst Hairstreak S Florida, Greater & (most) Lesser Antilles M T S L Chlorostrymon clenchi (W. Comstock & Huntington, 1943) Dominican Hairstreak Dominica M T S Chlorostrymon telea (Hewitson, 1868) Telea Hairstreak S TX (stray) to S Brazil M T S L I Chlorostrymon orbis K. Johnson & D. Smith, 1993 Orbis Hairstreak Jamaica M T OI Magnastigma Nicolay, 1977 Magnastigma hirsuta (Prittwitz, 1865) Hirsuta Hairstreak Costa Rica to Brazil M T S Magnastigma julia Nicolay, 1977 TL: Brazil (DF) M T S Magnastigma elsa (Hewitson, 1877) Elsa Hairstreak Mexico to Panama M T S L Cyanophrys Clench, 1961 Cyanophrys goodsoni (Clench, 1946) Goodson’s Greenstreak S TX to Costa Rica M T S L H Cyanophrys argentinensis (Clench, 1946) TL: Argentina M T Cyanophrys bertha (E. Jones, 1912) TL: Brazil (Pr) M T Cyanophrys acaste (Prittwitz, 1865) TL: Brazil (RJ) M T Cyanophrys amyntor (Cramer, 1775) Amyntor Greenstreak S Mexico to S Brazil M T S L Cyanophrys fusius (Godman & Salvin, 1887) Brown Greenstreak E & W Mexico to Colombia M T S I Cyanophrys herodotus (Fabricius, 1793) Tropical Greenstreak S TX, E & W Mexico to Argentina M T S L1 L2 H Cyanophrys miserabilis (Clench, 1946) Clench’s Greenstreak S TX to Costa Rica M T S L Cyanophrys velezi K. Johnson & Kruse, 1997 TL: Colombia M T Cyanophrys crethona (Hewitson, 1874) Jamaican Greenstreak Jamaica M T S Cyanophrys hartii T. Turner & J. Miller, 1992 Dallas Mountain Greenstreak Jamaica M T Cyanophrys roraimiensis K. Johnson & D. Smith, 1993 TL: Brazil (Rr) M T Cyanophrys longula (Hewitson, 1868) Mountain Greenstreak E & W Mexico to Venezuela; one possible record for SE AZ M T S L1 L2 I Ha Cyanophrys pseudolongula (Clench, 1944) TL: Ecuador M T Cyanophrys agricolor (A. Butler & H. Druce, 1872) Stained Greenstreak E & W Mexico to Panama M T S L Cyanophrys banosensis (Clench, 1944) TL: Ecuador M T Cyanophrys remus (Hewitson, 1868) TL: Brazil M T Callophrys Billberg, 1820 Callophrys affinis (W. H. Edwards, 1862) Western Green Hairstreak TL: USA (Wy) Callophrys affinis washingtonia Clench, 1944 TL: USA (Wa) M T S L Ha Callophrys affinis affinis (W. H. Edwards, 1862) TL: USA (Wy) M T S1 S2 L I1 I2 Ha Callophrys affinis homoperplexa W. Barnes & Benjamin, 1923 TL: USA (Co) M T S L Ha Callophrys affinis albipalpus Gorelick, 2005 TL: USA (NM) M T Callophrys affinis apama (W. H. Edwards, 1882) TL: USA (Az) M T S L1 L2 Callophrys affinis chapmani Gorelick, 2005 Sonora & Durango M T S Callophrys dumetorum (Boisduval, 1852) Lotus Hairstreak TL: USA (Ca) Callophrys dumetorum oregonensis Gorelick, [1969] TL: USA (Wa) M T S L Ha Callophrys dumetorum dumetorum (Boisduval, 1852) TL: USA (Ca) M T S1 S2 L1 L2 I Ha Callophrys dumetorum superperplexa J. Emmel, T. Emmel & Mattoon, 1998 [possibly conspecific with C. sheridanii] M T S L I Callophrys viridis (W. H. Edwards, 1862) Coastal' Green Hairstreak [possibly conspecific with C. sheridanii] M T S1 S2 HS L I Callophrys sheridanii (W. H. Edwards, 1877) Sheridan's Hairstreak TL: USA (Wy) Callophrys sheridanii pseudodumetorum J. Emmel, T. Emmel & Mattoon, 1998 [= nr. dumetorum of Warren '05], W OR, NW CA Siskiyous low elev. M T S L I H Callophrys sheridanii newcomeri Clench, 1963 TL: USA (Wa) M S1 S2 L Callophrys sheridanii lemberti Tilden, 1963 TL: not specified M T S L Ha Callophrys sheridanii interrupta Austin, 1998 TL: USA (Nv) M T S Ha Callophrys sheridanii comstocki Henne, 1940 TL: USA (Ca) M T S L I Ha Callophrys sheridanii paradoxa Scott, 1986 TL: USA (Ut) M T1 T2 S1 S2 Callophrys sheridanii neoperplexa W. Barnes & Benjamin, 1923 TL: USA (Ut) M T S1 S2 I Callophrys sheridanii W CO montane segregate , M S Callophrys sheridanii sheridanii (W. H. Edwards, 1877) TL: USA (Wy) M S L Callophrys sheridanii sacramento Scott, 2006 TL: USA (NM) M S I Callophrys gryneus (Hübner, [1819]) Juniper Hairstreak TL: USA (Va) Callophrys gryneus sweadneri (F. Chermock, 1945) TL: USA (Fl) M T S L Callophrys gryneus smilacis (Boisduval & Le Conte, [1835]) TL: USA (Ga) M T S Callophrys gryneus gryneus (Hübner, [1819]) TL: USA (Va) M T S L1 L2 Callophrys gryneus castalis (W. H. Edwards, 1871) TL: USA (Tx) M T S1 S2 Ab L1 L2 Callophrys gryneus SE Coahuila segregate , SE Coahuila M S Callophrys gryneus siva (W. H. Edwards, 1874) [= clenchi, turkingtoni] M T S L1 L2 L3 I Ha Callophrys gryneus chalcosiva Clench, 1981 TL: USA (Ut) M T1 T2 S1 S2 L1 L2 I1 I2 Ha Callophrys gryneus Columbia Basin segregate , [nr. chalcosiva] M S L Ha Callophrys gryneus S Sierra Nevada on Juniperus segregate , S Sierra Nevada (Tulare Co.); on Juniperus; formerly "barryi"; similar in SB Mts M S L Callophrys gryneus Guadalupe Island segregate , nelsoni M S Callophrys gryneus nelsoni (Boisduval, 1869) TL: USA (Ca) M T TI S IL L1 L2 Callophrys gryneus plicataria K. Johnson, 1976 TL: Canada M T1 T2 S L Ha Callophrys gryneus rosneri K. Johnson, 1976 TL: Canada M T S Callophrys gryneus byrnei K. Johnson, 1976 TL: USA (Id) M T Callophrys gryneus juniperaria (J. A. Comstock, 1925) TL: USA (Ca) M T S L Callophrys gryneus mansfieldi (Tilden, 1951) TL: USA (Ca) M T S L Callophrys loki (Skinner, 1907) Loki Hairstreak Baja California Norte Callophrys loki loki (Skinner, 1907) Baja California Norte M T S1 S2 S3 L Ha Callophrys loki thornei (J. Brown, 1983) TL: USA (Ca) M T1 T2 S L1 L2 I H Callophrys loki cedrosensis (J. Brown & Faulkner, 1989) TL: Mexico (BCN) M T L I Ha Callophrys muiri (H. Edwards, 1881) Muir's Hairstreak TL: USA (Ca) M T S1 S2 L Callophrys hesseli (Rawson & Ziegler, 1950) Hessel's Hairstreak TL: USA (NJ) Callophrys hesseli hesseli (Rawson & Ziegler, 1950) TL: USA (NJ) M T S Callophrys hesseli angulata (Gatrelle, 2001) TL: USA (SC) M T S L H Callophrys xami (Reakirt, [1867]) Xami Hairstreak TL: Mexico (Ver) Callophrys xami xami (Reakirt, [1867]) S AZ, W & C Mexico to Oaxaca M T S L1 L2 I H Callophrys xami texami Clench, 1981 S TX, far NE Mexico M S L I H Callophrys scaphia Clench, 1981 Chiapas Hairstreak Chiapas and Guatemala M T S L Callophrys mcfarlandi P. Ehrlich & Clench, 1960 Sandia Hairstreak TL: USA (NM) M T S L I Ha Callophrys dospassosi Clench, 1981 Dos Passos' Hairstreak TL: Mexico (Hid) Callophrys dospassosi dospassosi Clench, 1981 E Mexico M T S L Callophrys dospassosi searsi Clench, 1981 W Mexico M S L I Callophrys estela Clench, 1981 Estela Hairstreak TL: Mexico (Dur) M S Callophrys spinetorum (Hewitson, 1867) Thicket Hairstreak TL: USA (Ca) Callophrys spinetorum spinetorum (Hewitson, 1867) TL: USA (Ca) M T S L Ha Callophrys spinetorum millerorum Clench, 1981 TL: Mexico (Hid) M T S L Callophrys johnsoni (Skinner, 1904) Johnson's Hairstreak TL: Canada (BC) M S L I H Ha Callophrys guatemalena Clench, 1981 Guatemalan Hairstreak TL: Guatemala M T S L Callophrys augustinus (Westwood, 1852) Brown Elfin TL: Canada Callophrys augustinus croesioides (Scudder, 1876) TL: Canada M T S L1 L2 LAb Ha Callophrys augustinus helenae (dos Passos, 1943) TL: Canada M T S Callophrys augustinus augustinus (Westwood, 1852) TL: Canada M T S L Callophrys augustinus concava (Austin, 1998) TL: USA (Nv) M T S L Ha Callophrys augustinus iroides (Boisduval, 1852) Baja California Norte M T S L1 L2 I Ha Callophrys augustinus annetteae (dos Passos, 1943) far NW Mexico M T S L I Callophrys fotis (Strecker, [1878]) Desert Elfin TL: USA (Az) Callophrys fotis fotis (Strecker, [1878]) TL: USA (Az) M S L I H Callophrys fotis mojavensis (Austin, 1998) TL: USA (Nv) M T S L Ha Callophrys mossii (H. Edwards, 1881) Moss' Elfin TL: not specified Callophrys mossii schryveri (Cross, 1937) TL: USA (Co) M S L H Callophrys mossii NE Cascadian segregate , NE Cascades (N OR, WA), E slope M S Ha Callophrys mossii mossii (H. Edwards, 1881) TL: not specified M S L Ha Callophrys mossii W Oregon segregate , [nr. mossii] M S L H Callophrys mossii marinensis (J. Emmel, T. Emmel & Mattoon, 1998) TL: USA (Ca) M T S I Callophrys mossii bayensis R. Brown, 1969 TL: USA (Ca) M T S Callophrys mossii doudoroffi (dos Passos, 1940) TL: USA (Ca) M S L F Ha Callophrys mossii hidakupa (J. Emmel, T. Emmel & Mattoon, 1998) TL: USA (Ca) M T S Callophrys mossii windi (Clench, 1943) TL: USA (Ca) M T S L I H Callophrys mossii Siskiyou segregate , Siskiyou Mts., SW OR, Mts.of NW CA M S Callophrys mossii Mt. Diablo segregate , Mt. Diablo & vic., Contra Costa Co., CA M S Callophrys polios (Cook & F. Watson, 1907) Hoary Elfin TL: USA (NJ) Callophrys polios polios (Cook & F. Watson, 1907) TL: USA (NJ) M T S1 S2 L Ha Callophrys polios obscurus (Ferris & M. Fisher, 1973) TL: USA (Co) M T S L H Callophrys polios NW montane segregate , M S Callophrys polios Puget Trough segregate , Puget Trough, NW Washington M S L Callophrys polios C Oregon coastal segregate , C Oregon coast (Lincoln Co.) M S Callophrys polios maritima (J. Emmel, T. Emmel & Mattoon, 1998) TL: USA (Ca) M T S L Callophrys irus (Godart, [1824]) Frosted Elfin TL: USA (NJ) Callophrys irus irus (Godart, [1824]) TL: USA (NJ) M T S1 S2 L Ha Callophrys irus arsace (Boisduval & Le Conte, [1835]) TL: not specified M T S1 S2 L1 L2 I H Callophrys irus hadros (Cook & F. Watson, 1909) TL: USA (Tx) M T S1 S2 L1 L2 I1 I2 I3 H Callophrys henrici (Grote & Robinson, 1867) Henry's Elfin TL: USA (Pa) Callophrys henrici henrici (Grote & Robinson, 1867) TL: USA (Pa) M T S1 S2 L Ha Callophrys henrici viridissima (Pavulaan, 1998) TL: USA (NC) M T S L Callophrys henrici yahwehus Gatrelle, 1999 TL: USA (SC) M T1 T2 S L Callophrys henrici margaretae (dos Passos, 1943) TL: USA (Fl) M T S L Callophrys henrici turneri (Clench, 1943) TL: USA (Ks) M T S L Callophrys henrici solatus (Cook & F. Watson, 1909) TL: USA (Tx) M T S L I Callophrys lanoraieensis (Sheppard, 1934) Bog Elfin TL: not specified M S Callophrys niphon (Hübner, [1819]) Eastern Pine Elfin TL: USA (Fl) Callophrys niphon niphon (Hübner, [1819]) TL: USA (Fl) M S L Callophrys niphon clarki (T. Freeman, 1938) TL: not specified M T S1 S2 Ab L Ha Callophrys eryphon (Boisduval, 1852) Western Pine Elfin TL: USA (Ca) Callophrys eryphon northeastern segregate , M S Callophrys eryphon purpurascens (Austin & J. Emmel, 1998) TL: USA (Ca) M T S L I Callophrys eryphon sheltonensis (F. Chermock & Frechin, [1949]) TL: USA (Wa) M T Callophrys eryphon eryphon (Boisduval, 1852) TL: USA (Ca) M T S1 S2 L I1 I2 Ha Callophrys eryphon pallescens (Austin, 1998) TL: USA (Nv) M T S L Callophrys eryphon fusca (Austin, 1998) TL: USA (Az) M T S L1 L2 Bistonina Robbins, 2004 Bistonina erema (Hewitson, 1867) Erema Hairstreak Guatemala, Panama M T Bistonina biston (Möschler, 1877) TL: Surinam Bistonina bactriana (Hewitson, 1868) TL: Brazil M T Bistonina [n. sp.#1] Robbins, MS TL: Costa Rica Bistonina feretria (Hewitson, 1878) TL: ? M T S Bistonina [n. sp.#2] Robbins, MS TL: Costa Rica Bistonina [n. sp.#3] Robbins, MS TL: Peru Bistonina mantica (H. Druce, 1907) TL: Brazil (MT) M T L Bistonina olbia (Hewitson, 1867) TL: Brazil M T Megathecla Robbins, 2002 Megathecla gigantea (Hewitson, 1867) TL: Brazil (Pa) M T Cupathecla Bálint, 2006 Cupathecla cupentus (Stoll, 1781) Cupentus Hairstreak SE Mexico to Guianas, N Brazil M T S L Thestius Hübner, [1819] Thestius pholeus (Cramer, 1777) Dotted Thestius Venezuela to N Brazil M T OI OD S IL Txt Thestius selina (Hewitson, 1869) Brazilian Thestius Brazil M T OI S Txt Thestius meridionalis (Draudt, 1920) Common Thestius Colombia to Venezuela and Bolivia M T OI OD S IL Thestius epopea (Hewitson, 1870) Epopea Hairstreak Nicaragua to Peru M T S Thestius [n. sp.#1] Robbins, MS TL: Peru Thestius [n. sp.#2] Robbins, MS TL: Ecuador Thestius azaria (Hewitson, 1867) Azaria Hairstreak S Brazil M T Thestius [n. sp.#3] Robbins, MS TL: Ecuador Thestius lycabas (Cramer, 1777) Lycabas Hairstreak Peru to Brazil M T Thestius [n. sp.#4] Robbins, MS TL: Panama Lathecla Robbins, 2004 Lathecla latagus (Godman & Salvin, 1887) Latagus Hairstreak SE Mexico to ... M T OI Lathecla [n. sp.#1] Robbins, MS TL: Panama Lathecla [n. sp.#2] Robbins, MS TL: Venezuela Lathecla [n. sp.#3] Robbins, MS TL: Costa Rica Lathecla [n. sp.#4] Robbins, MS TL: Ecuador Lathecla [n. sp.#5] Robbins, MS TL: Brazil (RJ) Allosmaitia Clench, [1964] Allosmaitia coelebs (Herrich-Schäffer, 1862) Cuban Hairstreak Cuba M T S Allosmaitia fidena (Hewitson, 1867) Fidena Hairstreak Hispaniola and Puerto Rico M T S Allosmaitia piplea (Godman & Salvin, 1896) Piplea Hairstreak S Lesser Antilles (St. Vincent, Grenada, St. Lucia, Dominica) M T S Allosmaitia strophius (Godart, [1824]) Strophius Hairstreak S TX, E & W Mexico to S Brazil M T S L Allosmaitia myrtusa (Hewitson, 1867) Myrtusa Hairstreak Panama to Bolivia M T S Laothus K. Johnson, Kruse & Kroenlein, 1997 Laothus gibberosa (Hewitson, 1867) TL: Colombia M T Laothus numen (H. Druce, 1907) TL: Guyana M T Laothus phydela (Hewitson, 1867) TL: Brazil (RJ) M T Laothus erybathis (Hewitson, 1867) Erybathis Hairstreak E & W Mexico to Colombia M T S L I Laothus oceia (Godman & Salvin, 1887) Oceia Hairstreak [=laothoe], SE Mexico to Colombia M T S L Laothus viridicans (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865) TL: Venezuela M T Laothus barajo (Reakirt, [1867]) Barajo Hairstreak SE Mexico to Panama M T S L1 L2 I Laothus cockaynei (Goodson, 1945) TL: Venezuela M T S Janthecla Robbins & Venables, 1991 Janthecla rocena (Hewitson, 1867) Rocena Hairstreak MX to S Brazil M T S Janthecla adrienne Robbins, 2009 TL: Peru Janthecla malvina (Hewitson, 1867) TL: Brazil (RJ) M T Janthecla janthodonia (Dyar, 1918) Janthodonia Hairstreak S MX, Guatemala, Belize M T S L Janthecla cydonia (H. Druce, 1890) Cydonia Hairstreak Costa Rica to Colombia M T S L Janthecla leea Venables & Robbins, 1991 TL: Peru M T S Janthecla armilla (H. Druce, 1907) TL: Brazil (RJ) M T Janthecla halli R. Busby & Robbins, 2009 TL: Ecuador Janthecla janthina (Hewitson, 1867) Janthina Hairstreak MX to Venezuela M T S L Janthecla sista (Hewitson, 1867) TL: Brazil M T S Janthecla aurora (H. Druce, 1907) TL: Brazil (ES/RS) M T S Janthecla flosculus (H. Druce, 1907) TL: Brazil (ES) M T Lamprospilus Geyer, 1832 Lamprospilus genius Geyer, 1832 TL: "West Indies" M T Lamprospilus japola (E. Jones, 1912) TL: Brazil (Pr) M T Lamprospilus [n. sp.#1] Robbins, MS TL: Guyana Lamprospilus decorata Lathy, 1926 TL: Peru M T Lamprospilus nicetus (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865) TL: Venezuela M T Lamprospilus [n. sp.#2] Robbins, MS TL: Panama Lamprospilus draudti Lathy, 1932 TL: Colombia M T Lamprospilus occidentalis K. Johnson & Salazar, 2004 TL: Colombia Lamprospilus collucia (Hewitson, 1877) Two-toned Groundstreak Mexico to Ecuador M T S L Lamprospilus orcidia (Hewitson, 1874) TL: Brazil M T L Lamprospilus [n. sp.#3] Robbins, MS TL: Ecuador Lamprospilus aunus (Cramer, 1775) TL: "Aruba" M T Lamprospilus [n. sp.#4] Robbins, MS TL: Ecuador Lamprospilus coelicolor (A. Butler & H. Druce, 1872) Central American Groundstreak Mexico to Bolivia M T S Badecla Robbins & Duarte, 2010 Badecla badaca (Hewitson, 1868) TL: Brazil M T1 T2 Badecla picentia (Hewitson, 1868) TL: Brazil (Pa) M T Badecla quadramacula (Austin & K. Johnson, 1997) TL: Brazil (Rd) M T Badecla lanckena (Schaus, 1902) TL: Peru M T Badecla argentinensis (K. Johnson & Kroenlein, 1993) TL: Argentina M T Badecla clarissa (Draudt, 1920) TL: Brazil (SP) M T Arzecla Robbins & Duarte, 2010 Arzecla arza (Hewitson, 1874) Single-banded Groundstreak Mexico to S Brazil M T S L Arzecla [n. sp.#1] Robbins, MS TL: Ecuador Arzecla tarpa (Godman & Salvin, 1887) Double-banded Groundstreak Mexico to Panama M T S Arzecla canacha (Hewitson, 1877) TL: Venezuela M T Arzecla [n. sp.#2] Robbins, MS TL: Ecuador Arzecla calatia (Hewitson, 1873) Nicaraguan Groundstreak Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua M T OI Arzecla tucumanensis (K. Johnson & Kroenlein, 1993) TL: Argentina M T Arzecla sethon (Godman & Salvin, 1887) Large Groundstreak Mexico to Panama M T S Ab L Arzecla nubilum (H. Druce, 1907) TL: Brazil (Pr) M T Arzecla paralus (Godman & Salvin, 1887) Paralus Groundstreak Guatemala to Venezuela M T OI Arzecla taminella (Schaus, 1902) Taminella Groundstreak Mexico to S Brazil M T S L Arzecla albolineata (Lathy, 1936) TL: Colombia M T Arumecla Robbins & Duarte, 2004 Arumecla aruma (Hewitson, 1877) TL: Brazil (ES) M T Arumecla galliena (Hewitson, 1877) Red-based Groundstreak Mexico to Ecuador M T S L Arumecla [n. sp.#1] Robbins, MS TL: Peru Arumecla [n. sp.#2] Robbins, MS TL: Ecuador Arumecla nisaee (Godman & Salvin, 1887) Nisaee Groundstreak Costa Rica, Panama M T OI Arumecla [n. sp.#3] Robbins, MS TL: Peru Arumecla [n. sp.#4] Robbins, MS TL: Ecuador Arumecla [n. sp.#5] Robbins, MS TL: Ecuador Arumecla [n. sp.#6] Robbins, MS TL: Panama Arumecla [n. sp.#7] Robbins, MS TL: Peru Arumecla [n. sp.#8] Robbins, MS TL: Ecuador Arumecla [n. sp.#9] Robbins, MS TL: Ecuador Arumecla [n. sp.#10] Robbins, MS TL: Peru Arumecla [n. sp.#11] Robbins, MS TL: Peru Arumecla [n. sp.#12] Robbins, MS TL: Panama Arumecla netesca (Draudt, 1920) TL: Guyana; Peru M T Camissecla Robbins & Duarte, 2004 Camissecla charichlorus (A. Butler & H. Druce, 1872) Charichlorus Groundstreak Honduras to Colombia M T S Camissecla [n. sp.#1] Robbins, MS TL: Ecuador Camissecla simasca (Draudt, 1920) TL: Colombia M T Camissecla gedrosia (Hewitson, 1868) TL: Brazil (Pa) M T Camissecla camissa (Hewitson, 1870) TL: Ecuador M T L Camissecla cleocha (Hewitson, 1870) TL: Ecuador M T Camissecla [n. sp.#2] Robbins, MS TL: Ecuador Camissecla [n. sp.#3] Robbins, MS TL: Bolivia Camissecla pactya (Hewitson, 1874) TL: Ecuador; Colombia M T Camissecla vespasianus (A. Butler & H. Druce, 1872) Vespasianus Groundstreak Mexico to Costa Rica M T S Camissecla melma Schaus, 1913 Melma Groundstreak Costa Rica and Panama M T S Camissecla saphronotis (K. Johnson & Kroenlein, 1993) TL: Ecuador M T Camissecla vesper (H. Druce, 1909) TL: Peru M T S L Camissecla verbenaca (H. Druce, 1907) TL: Brazil M T Camissecla [n. sp.#4] Robbins, MS TL: Brazil (SC) Electrostrymon Clench, 1961 Electrostrymon endymion (Fabricius, 1775) TL: Brazil M T Electrostrymon constantinoi (K. Johnson & Kroenlein, 1993) TL: Colombia M T Electrostrymon hugon (Godart, [1824]) Ruddy Hairstreak [= sangala, = cyphara] S TX to Venezuela M T S L I Electrostrymon joya (Dognin, 1895) Muted Hairstreak [= canus] S TX to Peru M T S L Electrostrymon dominicana (Lathy, 1904) Dominican Hairstreak Dominica M T S Electrostrymon pan (Drury, 1773) Pan Hairstreak Jamaica M T S L Electrostrymon angelia (Hewitson, 1874) Fulvous Hairstreak TL: Cuba; Jamaica Electrostrymon angelia angelia (Hewitson, 1874) S Florida and Cuba M T S L Electrostrymon angelia dowi (Clench, 1941) Bahamas & Turks and Caicos Islands M T S L Electrostrymon angelia pantoni (W. Comstock & Huntington, 1943) Jamaica M T S Electrostrymon angelia boyeri (W. Comstock & Huntington, 1943) Hispaniola to St. Croix M T S Electrostrymon angerona (Godman & Salvin, 1896) Angerona Hairstreak Lesser Antilles M T S Electrostrymon denarius (A. Butler & H. Druce, 1872) Coppery Groundstreak E Mexico to Guatemala M T S L Electrostrymon guzanta (Schaus, 1902) Orange-crescent Groundstreak W and S TX to Nicaragua M T S L1 L2 I Ha Electrostrymon [n. sp.] Robbins, MS Panama Electrostrymon perisus (H. Druce, 1907) TL: Venezuela M T Rubroserrata K. Johnson & Kroenlein, 1993 Rubroserrata mathewi (Hewitson, 1874) Mathew’s Groundstreak Mexico to Panama M T S1 S2 L I Rubroserrata ecbatana (Hewitson, 1868) TL: Brazil M T S Ziegleria K. Johnson, 1993 Ziegleria hesperitis (A. Butler & H. Druce, 1872) Hesperitis Groundstreak Mexico to S Brazil M T S L Ziegleria hoffmani K. Johnson, 1993 Hoffmann’s Groundstreak Mexico to Costa Rica M T S I Ziegleria ceromia (Hewitson, 1877) Ceromia Groundstreak Mexico to Venezuela M T S Ziegleria hernandezi (K. Johnson & Kroenlein, 1993) TL: Trinidad M T Kisutam K. Johnson & Kroenlein, 1993 Kisutam micandriana (K. Johnson, 1992) Micandriana Groundstreak Mexico to Nicaragua M T S Kisutam [n. sp.] Robbins, MS Panama Kisutam syllis (Godman & Salvin, 1887) Sky-blue Groundstreak S TX (rare stray), E & W Mexico to S Brazil M T S L Calycopis Scudder, 1876 Calycopis tamos (Godman & Salvin, 1887) Tamos Hairstreak [possibly a synonym of C. matho] M T S Calycopis matho (Godman & Salvin, 1887) TL: Guyana M T Calycopis clarina (Hewitson, 1874) White-striped Groundstreak TL: Mexico M T S L Ha Calycopis cos (H. Druce, 1907) TL: Guyana M T Calycopis atnius (Herrich-Schäffer, [1853]) Atnius Groundstreak TL: Surinam M T S L Calycopis mimas (Godman & Salvin, 1887) Mimas Groundstreak TL: Panama; Colombia; Brazil (Pa) M T S Calycopis [n. sp.#1] Robbins, MS TL: Brazil (Ma) Calycopis petaurister (H. Druce, 1907) TL: Guyana M T Calycopis calor (H. Druce, 1907) TL: Brazil (MT) M T Calycopis [n. sp.#2] Robbins, MS TL: Panama Calycopis johnsoni (Salazar, 2000) TL: Colombia M T Calycopis demonassa (Hewitson, 1868) Shining Groundstreak TL: Brazil (Pa) M T S L Calycopis buphonia (Hewitson, 1868) Buphonia Groundstreak Costa Rica to N Brazil M T S Calycopis calus (Godart, [1824]) Calus Groundstreak TL: America M S L Calycopis wolfii (K. Johnson, 1993) TL: Brazil (Pa) M T L Calycopis caesaries (H. Druce, 1907) Caesaries Groundstreak Belize to N Brazil M T OI S L Calycopis sullivani Robbins & Duarte, 2005 Sullivan's Hairstreak Atlantic coast of Panama and Costa Rica M T S Calycopis cicero Robbins & Duarte, 2005 TL: Ecuador Calycopis ledaea (Hewitson, 1868) TL: Brazil (Am) M T Calycopis cerata (Hewitson, 1877) Cerata Groundstreak TL: Brazil (Pa) M T S L Calycopis cecrops (Fabricius, 1793) Red-banded Hairstreak E USA, New Providence Island, Bahamas M T S L1 L2 L3 Calycopis isobeon (A. Butler & H. Druce, 1872) Dusky-blue Groundstreak TL: Costa Rica M T S Ab L1 L2 I Calycopis quintana (K. Johnson, 1991) Yucatan Groundstreak Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico and N Belize M T S Calycopis bactra (Hewitson, 1877) Hewitson's Groundstreak TL: Nicaragua M T S Calycopis lerbela W. D. Field, 1967 TL: Brazil (Pa) M T Calycopis caulonia (Hewitson, 1877) TL: Brazil (RJ) M T Calycopis [n. sp.#3] Robbins, MS TL: Brazil (RJ) Calycopis nicolayi W. D. Field, 1967 TL: Brazil (Pb) M T Calycopis [n. sp.#4] Robbins, MS TL: Peru Calycopis bellera (Hewitson, 1877) Bellera Groundstreak Panama, Surinam, Brazil M T OI S L Calycopis xeneta (Hewitson, 1877) Brilliant Groundstreak TL: Nicaragua M T S L Calycopis centoripa (Hewitson, 1868) TL: Brazil M T S Calycopis thama (Hewitson, 1877) Thama Hairstreak Costa Rica to Colombia M T S Calycopis torqueor (H. Druce, 1907) TL: Guyana M T Calycopis vibulena (Hewitson, 1877) TL: Brazil (Pa) M T Calycopis origo (Godman & Salvin, 1887) Origo Groundstreak (= susanna) M T S L Calycopis drusilla W. D. Field, 1967 Drusilla Groundstreak TL: Costa Rica M T S L Calycopis vitruvia (Hewitson, 1877) TL: Brazil (Pa) M T Calycopis partunda (Hewitson, 1877) TL: Brazil M T Calycopis indigo (H. Druce, 1907) TL: Brazil (MT) M T Calycopis anfracta (H. Druce, 1907) TL: Peru M T Calycopis [n. sp.#5] Robbins, MS TL: Ecuador Calycopis anastasia W. D. Field, 1967 TL: Bolivia M T Calycopis fractunda W. D. Field, 1967 TL: Peru M T Calycopis anthora (Hewitson, 1877) TL: Brazil (Pa) M T Calycopis spadectis (K. Johnson & Kroenlein, 1993) TL: Ecuador Calycopis malta (Schaus, 1902) TL: Peru M T L Calycopis gentilla (Schaus, 1902) TL: Brazil (RJ) M T Calycopis trebula (Hewitson, 1868) Trebula Groundstreak TL: Brazil (Am) M T S L Calycopis puppius (Godman & Salvin, 1887) TL: Guyana M T Calycopis [n. sp.#6] Robbins, MS TL: Brazil (RJ) Calycopis meleager (H. Druce, 1907) TL: Surinam M T S Calycopis pisis (Godman & Salvin, 1887) Pisis Groundstreak TL: Panama M T S Calycopis [n. sp.#7] Robbins, MS TL: Peru Calycopis talama (Schaus, 1902) TL: Brazil (RJ) M T Calycopis tifla (W. D. Field, 1967) TL: Peru M T Calycopis [n. sp.#8] Robbins, MS TL: Peru Calycopis janeirica (C. Felder, 1862) TL: Brazil (RJ) M T Calycopis vidulus (H. Druce, 1907) TL: Ecuador M T Calycopis cyanus (Draudt, 1920) TL: Bolivia M T Calycopis [n. sp.#9] Robbins, MS TL: Peru Calycopis orcillula (Strand, 1916) Strand's Groundstreak TL: Costa Rica M T S Calycopis mirna Robbins & Duarte, 2002 TL: Argentina M T Calycopis orcilla (Hewitson, 1874) TL: Ecuador M T S Calycopis blora (W. D. Field, 1967) TL: French Guiana M T Calycopis naka (W. D. Field, 1967) TL: Peru M T Calycopis barza (W. D. Field, 1967) TL: Peru M T Calycopis gizela (Hewitson, 1877) TL: Bolivia M T Calycopis suda (Draudt, 1920) TL: Bolivia Calycopis boliviensis (K. Johnson, 1991) TL: Bolivia M T Calycopis cinniana (Hewitson, 1877) TL: Brazil M T Calycopis plumans (H. Druce, 1907) TL: Brazil (MT) M T Calycopis hosmeri (Weeks, 1906) TL: Venezuela M T Calycopis [n. sp.#10] Robbins, MS TL: Peru Calycopis vesulus (Stoll, 1781) TL: Surinam M T Calycopis cissusa (Hewitson, 1877) TL: Brazil (Pa) M T S Strymon Hübner, 1818 Strymon melinus (Hübner, [1813]) Gray Hairstreak TL: [USA (Ga)] Strymon melinus melinus (Hübner, [1813]) TL: [USA (Ga)] M T S L1 L2 Strymon melinus humuli (T. Harris, 1841) TL: USA (Ma) M T S L Strymon melinus franki W. D. Field, 1938 TL: USA (Ks) M T S Ab L1 L2 I H Strymon melinus setonia McDunnough, 1927 TL: Canada M S L Ha Strymon melinus atrofasciata McDunnough, 1921 TL: Canada M S L Ha Strymon melinus pudica (H. Edwards, 1877) Baja California M S1 S2 L1 L2 I Ha Strymon melinus clarionensis (Heid, 1933) [Apparently a species-level taxon], Clarion I., Colima, Mexico M T S Strymon melinus caldasensis Salazar, Vélez & K. Johnson, 1997 TL: Colombia M T Strymon avalona (W. G. Wright, 1905) Avalon Scrub-Hairstreak Santa Catalina Island, S CA M T S L Ha Strymon daraba (Hewitson, 1867) TL: [Ecuador] M T Strymon sabinus (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865) TL: Colombia M T Strymon rufofusca (Hewitson, 1877) Red-crescent Scrub-Hairstreak S TX, E & W Mexico to Paraguay, Lesser Antilles M T S L1 L2 Strymon [n. sp.#1] Nicolay & Robbins, MS TL: Venezuela Strymon cyanofusca K. Johnson, Eisele & MacPherson, 1990 TL: Argentina M T Strymon lamasi Nicolay & Robbins, 2005 TL: Peru Strymon albata (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865) White Scrub-Hairsreak [= sedecia] S TX to Venezuela M T S L I H Strymon alea (Godman & Salvin, 1887) Lacey’s Scrub-Hairstreak [= laceyi] TX to Venezuela M T S L I H Strymon bebrycia (Hewitson, 1868) Red-lined Scrub-Hairstreak SE AZ to S TX to Costa Rica M T S L H Strymon yojoa (Reakirt, [1867]) Yojoa Scrub-Hairstreak SE AZ, S TX to S Brazil M T S L1 L2 L3 Strymon tegaea (Hewitson, 1868) TL: ? M T Strymon ohausi (Spitz, 1933) TL: Brazil (SP) M T Strymon sylea (Hewitson, 1867) TL: Brazil (Pa) M T Strymon mulucha (Hewitson, 1867) Mottled Scrub-Hairstreak Mexico to S Brazil M T S L Strymon cestri (Reakirt, [1867]) Tailless Scrub-Hairstreak SE AZ, S TX to S Brazil M T S L Strymon davara (Hewitson, 1868) TL: ? M T Strymon crambusa (Hewitson, 1874) TL: Bolivia M T Strymon astiocha (Prittwitz, 1865) Gray-spotted Scrub-Hairstreak Mexico to S Brazil M T S L Strymon martialis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1865) Martial Scrub-Hairstreak S Florida, Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, Caymans M T S1 S2 L I H Strymon christophei (W. Comstock & Huntington, 1943) Hispaniolan Scrub-hairstreak Hispaniola M T S Strymon michelle Nicolay & Robbins, 2005 TL: Ecuador Strymon acis (Drury, 1773) Caribbean Scrub-Hairstreak TL: "USA (NY)" Strymon acis bartrami (W. Comstock & Huntington, 1943) S Florida M T S L Ha Strymon acis casasi (W. Comstock & Huntington, 1943) Cuba, Caymans M T S Strymon acis armouri Clench, 1943 Great Bahama Bank (Andros to Long), possibly Crooked I. M T S Strymon acis Great Inagua segregate , Great Inagua Island, Bahamas M S Strymon acis leucosticha Clench, 1992 Middle Caicos Island (at least) M T Strymon acis gossei (W. Comstock & Huntington, 1943) Jamaica M T S L Strymon acis petioni (W. Comstock & Huntington, 1943) Hispaniola M T S Strymon acis mars (Fabricius, 1776) Puerto Rico (include. Mona & Culebran Is.) and Virgin Islands M S L Strymon acis acis (Drury, 1773) Lesser Antilles (St. Martin to Dominica) M T S Strymon bazochii (Godart, [1824]) Lantana Scrub-Hairstreak TL: Brazil Strymon bazochii bazochii (Godart, [1824]) S TX, E & W Mexico to Argentina M T S L1 L2 I1 I2 H Strymon bazochii gundlachianus M. Bates, 1935 Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola M T S Strymon [n. sp.#2] Nicolay & Robbins, MS TL: Venezuela Strymon istapa (Reakirt, [1867]) Mallow Scrub-Hairstreak TL: Mexico (Ver) Strymon istapa clenchi Austin & J. Emmel, 1998 Baja California M T S L Strymon istapa istapa (Reakirt, [1867]) S TX, E & W Mexico to Argentina M S Ab L1 L2 I1 I2 H Strymon istapa modesta (Maynard, 1873) S Florida M S L Strymon istapa cybira (Hewitson, 1874) Bahamas, Greater Antilles, (Dry Tortugas?) M T S L Strymon istapa arecibo (W. Comstock & Huntington, 1943) Puerto Rico M T S L Strymon istapa clarionica (Vázquez, 1958) Clarion Island; Relationship to S. i. clenchi requires study M T Strymon istapa socorroica (Vázquez, 1958) [Apparently a species-level taxon], Socorro I., Colima, Mexico M T Strymon bubastus (Stoll, 1780) TL: "Cape of Good Hope" Strymon bubastus ponce (W. Comstock & Huntington, 1943) Mona I., Puerto Rico, Virgin Is., Lesser Antilles S to Grenada M T S L Strymon bubastus bubastus (Stoll, 1780) TL: "Cape of Good Hope" M T Strymon columella (Fabricius, 1793) Columella Scrub-Hairstreak Culebran Is., Virgin Is., St. Kitts to Antigua M T S Strymon limenia (Hewitson, 1868) Limenia Scrub-Hairstreak S Florida, Greater Antilles, St. Thomas M T S Strymon toussainti (W. Comstock & Huntington, 1943) Toussaint's Scrub-Hairstreak Hispaniola, E Cuba M T1 T2 T3 S Strymon eurytulus (Hübner, [1819]) TL: ? M T Strymon flavaria (Ureta, 1956) TL: Chile M T Strymon colombiana (K. Johnson, L. Miller & Herrera, 1992) TL: Colombia M T Strymon bicolor (Philippi, 1859) TL: Chile M T Strymon heodes (H. Druce, 1909) TL: Peru M T Strymon wagenknechti (Ureta, 1947) TL: Chile M T Strymon nivea (K. Johnson, L. Miller & Herrera, 1992) TL: Argentina M T Strymon rana (Schaus, 1902) TL: Brazil (Pr) M T Strymon oribata (Weymer, 1890) TL: Bolivia M T Strymon serapio (Godman & Salvin, 1887) Bromeliad Scrub-Hairstreak S TX (stray) to S Brazil M T1 T2 S L I Strymon glorissima K. Johnson & Salazar, 1993 TL: Colombia M T Strymon solitario Grishin & Durden, 2012 Big Bend Scrub-Hairstreak TX Big Bend and vicinity & possibly NE MX M T L I F Ha Strymon jacqueline Nicolay & Robbins, 2005 TL: Peru Strymon gabatha (Hewitson, 1870) Great Scrub-Hairstreak Mexico to Peru M T OI S1 S2 Strymon monopeteinus A. Schwartz & J. Miller, 1985 Shining Scrub-Hairstreak Hispaniola M T S Strymon oreala (Hewitson, 1868) TL: Brazil (Ba) M T Strymon dindus (Fabricius, 1793) TL: "India" Strymon lucena (Hewitson, 1868) TL: "Venezuela" M T Strymon cardus (Hewitson, 1874) TL: Brazil M T Strymon azuba (Hewitson, 1874) TL: Brazil (RS) M T Strymon eremica (Hayward, 1949) TL: Argentina M T Strymon ahrenholzi Nicolay & Robbins, 2005 TL: Ecuador Strymon veterator (H. Druce, 1907) TL: Paraguay M T Strymon giffordi Nicolay & Robbins, 2005 TL: Brazil (Go) Strymon megarus (Godart, [1824]) Megarus Scrub-Hairstreak Mexico to S Brazil M T1 T2 OI S1 S2 L I G Strymon ziba (Hewitson, 1868) Ziba Scrub-Hairstreak Mexico to S Brazil and Argentina M T S1 S2 L1 L2 G Tmolus Hübner, [1819] Tmolus echion (Linnaeus, 1767) TL: "West Indies" Tmolus echion echiolus (Draudt, 1920) Hawaii, Mexico to S Brazil M T S L Tmolus echion echion (Linnaeus, 1767) TL: "West Indies" M T Tmolus [n. sp.#1] Robbins, MS TL: Panama Tmolus crolinus A. Butler & H. Druce, 1872 Crolinus Hairstreak Nicaragua to Venezuela M T S L Tmolus venustus (H. Druce, 1907) TL: Brazil (MT) M T S Tmolus cydrara (Hewitson, 1868) Cydrara Hairstreak Mexico to S Brazil M T S L Tmolus [n. sp.#2] Robbins, MS TL: Peru Tmolus [n. sp.#3] Robbins, MS TL: Costa Rica Tmolus ufentina (Hewitson, 1868) TL: Brazil (Am) M T Tmolus [n. sp.#4] Robbins, MS TL: Ecuador Tmolus [n. sp.#5] Robbins, MS TL: Brazil (SC) Tmolus [n. sp.#6] Robbins, MS TL: Guatemala Tmolus [n. sp.#7] Robbins, MS TL: Peru Tmolus [n. sp.#8] Robbins, MS TL: Ecuador Tmolus [n. sp.#9] Robbins, MS TL: Peru Tmolus mutina (Hewitson, 1867) Mutina Midistreak Costa Rica to Guianas & N Brazil M T S L Nicolaea K. Johnson, 1993 Nicolaea cauter (H. Druce, 1907) TL: Brazil (MT) M T Nicolaea schausa (E. Jones, 1912) TL: Brazil (Pr) M T Nicolaea dolium (H. Druce, 1907) Dolium Hairstreak Mexico to S Brazil M T S Nicolaea ceglusa (Hewitson, 1868) TL: Brazil M T Nicolaea bagrada (Hewitson, 1868) TL: Brazil (Am) M T Nicolaea xorema (Schaus, 1902) TL: Brazil (Pr) M T Nicolaea [n. sp.#1] Robbins, MS TL: Brazil (SP) Nicolaea [n. sp.#2] Robbins, MS TL: Brazil (Pr) Nicolaea [n. sp.#3] Robbins, MS TL: Ecuador Nicolaea fabulla (Hewitson, 1868) TL: Venezuela M T Nicolaea [n. sp.#4] Robbins, MS TL: Mexico (Oax) Nicolaea demilineata (Lathy, 1936) TL: Paraguay M T Nicolaea [n. sp.#5] Robbins, MS TL: Brazil (RJ) Nicolaea [n. sp.#6] Robbins, MS TL: Brazil (MT) Nicolaea obelus (H. Druce, 1907) TL: Brazil (MT) M T S Nicolaea castinotus (K. Johnson & Le Crom, 1997) TL: Colombia M T Nicolaea [n. sp.#7] Robbins, MS TL: Brazil (MT) Nicolaea [n. sp.#8] Robbins, MS TL: Peru Nicolaea cupa (H. Druce, 1907) TL: Brazil (RS) M T Nicolaea petilla (Hewitson, 1868) TL: Brazil M T Nicolaea velina (Hewitson, 1868) Garnet-patched Hairstreak [= phobe] Mexico to Brazil M T S L Nicolaea torris (H. Druce, 1907) TL: Brazil (RS) M T S Nicolaea besidia (Hewitson, 1868) TL: Brazil M T Nicolaea socia (Hewitson, 1868) TL: Brazil M T Nicolaea [n. sp.#9] Robbins, MS TL: Peru Nicolaea viceta (Hewitson, 1868) Nicaragua to S Brazil M T Nicolaea opalia (Hewitson, 1868) TL: Brazil M T Nicolaea opaliana (Hayward, 1967) TL: Argentina Nicolaea ophia (Hewitson, 1868) Ophia Hairstreak Nicaragua to S Brazil M T S I Nicolaea [n. sp.#10] Robbins, MS TL: Brazil (MT) Nicolaea heraldica (Dyar, 1914) Heraldica Hairstreak Mexico to C Brazil M T S L Nicolaea [n. sp.#11] Robbins, MS TL: Panama Nicolaea pyxis (K. Johnson, 1993) TL: Colombia M T Nicolaea umuarama (K. Johnson, 1993) TL: Brazil (SP) M T Nicolaea [n. sp.#12] Robbins, MS TL: Ecuador Nicolaea [n. sp.#13] Robbins, MS TL: Ecuador Nicolaea laconia (Hewitson, 1868) TL: Brazil (Pa) M T S Nicolaea lemuria (Hewitson, 1868) TL: Brazil (Pa) M T Nicolaea munditia (H. Druce, 1907) TL: Guyana M T Nicolaea [n. sp.#14] Robbins, MS TL: Panama Ministrymon Clench, 1961 Ministrymon leda (W. H. Edwards, 1882) Leda Ministreak SW USA to C Mexico M T S L1 L2 I Ha Ministrymon clytie (W. H. Edwards, 1877) Clytie Ministreak S TX (?S AZ) to Costa Rica M T S L1 L2 Ministrymon albimimicus (K. Johnson, 1986) TL: Venezuela M T Ministrymon megacles (Stoll, 1780) TL: Surinam M T S Ministrymon arola (Hewitson, 1868) Arola Ministreak [= coronta?] Mexico to Costa Rica M T S1 S2 L Ministrymon coronta (Hewitson, 1874) Central America M T Ministrymon santans (Dyar, 1926) Central America M T Ministrymon [n. sp.#1] Robbins, MS TL: Costa Rica Ministrymon zilda (Hewitson, 1873) Square-spotte |
